Biology Module One: Ecosystems and Organisms

Chemical

Any substance with known atomic makeup (elements come together to make this)

Biotic

Something living/ something relating to something that is living

Biotic Formula

Biotic = Carbon + Hydrogen ( All biotic chemicals have at least one carbon-hydrogen bond)

Carbon’s “friends”

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus

Abiotic

Everything else without Carbon + Hydrogen

Hydrophobic

Does not mix with water (ex: oils and fats) ydH

Hydrophilic

Does mix with water (ex: salt and sugar)

Abiogenesis

The creation of organic material from inorganic material

Evolution

Change inheritable characteristics in a population over time

Extinction

The complete loss of a species

The eight characteristics of life

1. organized into cells

2. Ability to reproduce

3. Respond to stimuli

4. Inheritance through DNA

5. Growth and Development

6. Homestasis

7. Acquire and utilize energy

8. Ability to evolve

Ecosystem

all of the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things in a defined area at any scale

Microbes/Microorganisms

An organism too small to be seen by the naked eye

Microbiome

A community of microbes that inhabit a particular environment

factors that might affect microbiome

1. diet

2. age

3. genetics

4. your mothers microbiome

5. stress

LUCA

Last Universal Common Ancestor

The 3 domains of life

1. bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya

Prokaryotes

A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus or any membrane bound organelles

Bacteria

Single celled prokaryotic microbes

Archaea

Group of single celled prokaryotic microbes hat are known for being extremists

Eukaryotes

Organisms which have nuclei and membrane bound organelles

Organelles

Tiny organ like structures in a cell that perform a specific function

Nuclei

The center of the cells that hold DNA

Protists

Eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals, or fungi

Endosymbiotic Theory

A eukaryotic cell engulfed a smaller prokaryote