Med Term Ch 7

arteriole

small artery

calyx/calix

cuplike collecting region of renal pelvis

calciferol

active form of vitamin D necessary for absorption of calcium from intestine

calyces

small, cuplike region of renal pelvis

catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluids

cortex

outer region of organ

creatinine

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

electrolyte

chemical element that carries electrical charge when dissolved in water

essential hypertension

high blood pressure that is idiopathic

erythropoietin (EPO)

hormone secreted by kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow

filtration

process where some substances pass through filter

glomerular capsule (bowmans capsule)

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

glomerulus

tiny wall of capillaries in kidney

hilum

depression in part of organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

kidney

one of two bean shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from bloodstream to form urine

meatus

opening, canal

medulla

inner region of organ

nephron

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule, functional unit of kidney where filtration, reabsorption, secretion take place

nitrogenous waste

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

potassium (k+)

electrolyte regulated by kidney

renal colic

kidney pain resulting from stone in ureter or kidney

renal pelvis

central collection region in kidney

renal tubules

microscopic tubes in kidney where urine is formed after filtration

renal vein

blood vessel that carries blood away from kidney

renin

hormone secreted by kidney that raises blood pressure

sodium (Na+)

electrolyte regulated in blood and urine by kidneys

secondary hypertension

condition which causes high blood pressure due to kidney disease

trigone

triangular area in urinary bladder

urea

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

ureter

one of two tubes leading from kidneys to urinary bladder

urethra

tube from urinary bladder to outside of body

uric acid

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

urinary bladder

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

urination (voiding, micturition)

process of expelling urine

cali/o, calic/o

calyx, calix, cup shaped

cyst/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

visic/o

urinary bladder

hydronephrosis

condition of excess fluid in kidney

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/o

potassium

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

-poietin

substance that forms

py/o

pus

-tripsy

to crush

ur/o

urea

-uria

urination, urine condition

urin/o

urine

urinanalysis

examination of urine to determine presence of any abnormal elements that may lead to pathological conditions

pH

measures hydrogen ion concentration in urine

alkaline

basic

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomeruli within kidney due to infection

interstitial nephritis

inflammation of renal interstitum

renal interstitum

connective tissue that lies between renal tubules

nephrolithiasis

kidney stones, renal calculi

nephrotic syndrome

symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

polycystic kidneys (PKD)

multiple fluid filled sacs within and on kidney

pyelonephritis

inflammation of lining of renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

renal cell carcinoma

adult cancer of kidney

renal failure

failure of kidneys to excrete wastes and maintain filtration function

renal hypertension

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

wilms tumor

childhood renal carcinoma

diabetes insipidus (DI)

inadequate secretion of ADH from pituitary gland

diabetes mellitus (DM)

insulin is not secreted adequately and not used properly in body

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

measurement of urea levels in blood

creatinine clearance test

measures rate which creatinine is cleared from blood by kidney

ADH

antidiuretic hormone

AKI

acute renal injury

ARF

acute renal failure

BILI

bilirubin

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

Ccr

creatinine clearance

CAPD

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Cath

catheter

CCPD

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis

CKD

chronic kidney disease

CL-

chloride, kidney excretion

CRF

chronic renal failure

C+S

culture and sensitivity testing

cysto

cystoscopic examination

eGFR

estimated glomerular filtration rate

ESRD

end stage renal disease

ESWL

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

HCO3-

bicarbonate, electrolyte conserved by kidney

HD

hemodialysis

IC

intestinal cystitis, chronic inflammation of bladder wall