Exam 1 terms

The class of materials with the high thermal and electrical conductivities

Metallic

Orbital Shell Number

Determines the shape of electron cloud or the boundary space

FCC, BCC, HCP

Crystal structures that most elemental metals crystallize into

Polymeric

Materials made of long molecular chains

Hydrogen Bonding

Explains water’s high boiling point

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from its nucleus

Secondary Dipole Bonds

The only type of bonds noble gases form

Nanomaterials

Has characteristic size smaller than 100 nm

Atomic Packing Factor

Volume of atoms in a selected unit cell divided by the volume of the unit cell

Covalent Bonding

Bonding that’s observed between atoms with small differences in their electronegative

Ferrous Alloy

Metal with a high amount of iron

Magnetic, spin, orbital, and principle

4 Quantum numbers that describe the electron configuration in any atom

Linear Density

Is the number of atoms whose centers lie on a specific direction on a specific length of line in a unit cube.

Atomic Number

Represents the number of protons in the nucleus, and it defines the element type for an atom

Ceramic

Materials with metals and nonmetals

Composite

Materials that are a mixture of two or more materials

Piezoelectric Ceramics

Materials that produce an electric field when subjected to mechanical force (and vice versa).

Electronegativity

The degree by which atoms attract electrons to themselves.

Polymorphism

The ability of a metal to exist in two or more crystal structures

Shape-memory alloy

Materials that can be deformed but return to their original shape upon an increase in temperature.

Ionic Bonding

A primary bond that forms between metals and nonmetals or atoms with large differences in their electronegativities.

Amorphous

Lacking in long-range atomic order