Native American History and European Exploration

Clovis Theory

First theory of Native American arrival, 13000 BCE.

Archeological Evidence

Indicates Native presence as early as 20000 BCE.

Moundbuilders

Mississippians known for large earthen mounds.

Cahokia

Largest Mississippian city, population 30,000-50,000.

Mississippians

Tribes with semi-nomadic lifestyles, 700-1500 CE.

Iroquois Empire

Confederation of tribes in NE USA, matriarchal.

Algonquian Empire

Tribes in NE USA, patriarchal structure.

Age of Exploration

Period from 1400s to 1600s of European exploration.

Christopher Columbus

Discovered Americas in 1492, believed Earth was small.

Spanish Empire

Dominated colonization efforts in the 1500s.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 uprising against unfair treatment of indentured servants.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement, founded in 1607.

John Rolfe

Introduced tobacco cultivation and married Pocahontas.

Indentured Servants

Temporary workers who received land after service.

Mayflower Crossing

Pilgrims' journey to America, September-November 1620.

Roger Williams

Advocated for separation of church and state.

Metacom's War

Conflict over sovereignty between Natives and colonists, 1675-1676.

Middle Colonies

NJ, PA, NY; known for religious toleration.

Anglo-Dutch Wars

Fought over trade route control, 1653-1674.

Great Awakening

Religious revival in 1720s-1740s, emotional preaching.

French and Indian Wars

Conflict over Ohio River colonies, 1754-1763.

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists forbidden to settle west of Ohio River.

Stamp Act of 1765

Tax on printed materials, led to protests.

Declaratory Act of 1766

Parliament asserted authority over American colonies.

Townshend Duties

Taxes on imports, led to colonial boycotts.

Tea Act

Lowered tea prices, sparked colonial unrest.