IVY TECH APHY 101 midterm exam

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium

Body heat is lost primarily by

radiation

Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called

central canals

A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this?

sagittal

Which type of tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid glands?

simple cuboidal epithelium

The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the

cytoplasm

Which action is the main function of the digestive system?

absorption of nutrients

A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable?

It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors.

What type of tissue is adipose tissue?

connective tissue

The human integumentary system includes

skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein.

Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires

negative feedback mechanism

Transcription and translation differ in that

transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.

Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

network of interconnected membranes

The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the

dermis

Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________.

atoms

For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described?

Endoplasmic reticulum—a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion

Which of the following are cellular fragments?

blood platelets

Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________.

remain within certain limited ranges

An isotonic solution

has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct?

Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids

Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types?

organization of cells

The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is

iodine-131

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is

transitional

ATP is important to cellular processes because it

provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.

In phagocytosis

a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because

physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.

A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

superficial partial-thickness burn

In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the

surface area of the burn.

Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)

tissue

A complete atom is electrically neutral because

the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

Involuntary muscle tissues are

smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue

Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because

each expresses a different subset of genes.

If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside,

water will leave the cell by osmosis

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

skin cancer

Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA?

thymine

The pH scale measures the

concentration of hydrogen ions

The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is

excretion

The breakdown of table sugar into glucose and fructose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction.

hydrolysis

Functions of neuroglia include which of the following?

They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.

growth of body parts

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body?

water

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C.

Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When more water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solutions was __________ , while the second was __________ to the cells.

hypotonic; isotonic

Which organelle contains the nucleolus?

nucleus

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

melanin

Epidermis is __________, whereas dermis is __________.

composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes

Dehydration synthesis reactions __________ , whereas hydrolysis reactions __________ .

lose H2O as bonds are formed; use H2O to break bonds

The dermis is composed largely of

dense irregular connective tissue

Skin cells play an important role in producing

Vitamin D

Vesicles are formed from the

cell membrane

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the __________region.

epigastric

In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is

the cell

Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

receptor-mediated endocytosis.

The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is

mucus-secreting, ciliated, and pseudostratified.

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria

The activities of an anatomist consist of __________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of __________.

observing body parts; studying functions of body parts

Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity?

pancreatitis

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form

tissues, which build organs

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

they die

Which of the following is not true of organelles?

They are only in cells of humans.

Which of the following describes the epidermis?

all of the answer choices are correct

A peptide bond forms between

adjacent amino acids

If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is

AGTCCGATAAGGGC.

Histology is the study of

tissues

The anatomical term that indicates a structure is towards the front is

anterior

A hypotonic solution

has a lower concentration (number) of impermeant solute than do the cells in the solution.

A mutation can cause disease if

the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.

Eccrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.

Which of the following is not an example of a negative homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid

Programmed cell death occurs during development, including the removal of webbing between fingers of the fetus. This process is known as

apoptosis

A person has alkalemia if the blood pH

rises above 7.5.

Blood cells are produced in the organs of the __________system.

skeletal

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

stratum basale