chap 5 study

papillary layer

20% of dermis

papillary layer

areolar connective tissue

papillary layer

collagen and elastic fibers, BVs; allows WBCs to work

papillary layer

includes dermal papillae

dermal papillae

superficial projections; contains Meissner's corpuscle (touch receptors), contains free nerve endings (pain receptors); ridges in thick skin (finger prints)

reticular layer

80% of dermis

reticular layer

dense irregular connective tissue

reticular layer

elastic fibers= recoil; collagen fibers= strength, bind water and create cleavage lines 

flexure lines

visible dermal creases at joints

striae

dermal tears

blister

fluid filled pocket b/w epidermis & dermis

basal cell carcinoma

Most common, SHINY/DOME shaped; slow growing; invades dermis/hypodermis

squamous cell

stratum spinosum keratinocytes; appears are scaly red papules on scalp, ear, lips, hands; FAST GROWING

Melanoma

Least common, spreading brown/black patches; quickly metastasizes to lymph & blood 

ABCDE 

Asymmetry, borders, color, diameter (larger than 6mm), evolutio

Cyanosis

low oxygen levels/delivery

erythema

increased blood flow, due to fever inflammation hypertensive 

pallor

decrease blood blood or low hemoglobin due to anemia, fear, hypotensive, anger, etc

jaundice

bilirubin excess due to bile duct blockage; liver disorders

1st degree

epidermal damage only; redness, edema, and pain

2nd degree

epidermal and superficial dermal damage; blistering

3rd degree burn

epidermal and dermal damage; gray/white, red, or black; no swelling or pain; skin grafts usually required 

immediate concerns regarding burns

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and infection 

rule of nines

percentage of body burned to estimate fluid loss; depth/thickness of burn

>25%

2nd degree burn

>10%

3rd degree burn

Cells of Epidermis

Kerotincytes (make keratin), melanocytes (protects from uv damage), dendritic cells (immunity), tactile cells (sensory touch receptors)

Statum basale (deepest)

single row, actively mitotic, 24-45 days journey to surface= death, melanocytes present

stratum spinosum

several layers of cells in a web-like series of filaments; melanocytes & dendritic cells present

stratum granulosom 

4-6 layers where cells appearance changes=flattening; keratinization begins

stratum lucidum

only present in thick skin; thin & translucent; flat, dead keratinocytes

stratum corneum (superficial)

20-30 rows of flat, dead, keratinized cells; protection and barrier