Unit 2 College Biology

tell me about the THREE tenants of cell theory

1. cells are the simplest unit that can carry out all functions of life

2. all living things are composed of one or more cells

   - organismal functions have basis in cell function

3. new cells are created by previous cells

• we’re all family

what do transmission electron microscopes do

they can observe the electrons that can pass through a thin specimen

what do scanning electron microscopes (SEM) do ?

they observe the electrons that scatter off a specimen to get a 3d-like image

how can life on earth be divided ?

eubacteria

archaea

eukarya

what are the biological molecules ?

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)hatw

what is the plasma membrane made of (two things)

what does it enclose ?

phospholipid bilayer

selective barrier

the cytoplasm hatw

what is the main compartment of the cell ?

the cytoplasm

prokaryotic meaning

“before nucleus”

where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells ?

the DNA is stored in the cytoplasm

what are the domains of prokaryotic cells ?

archaea and eubacteria

what can be considered prokaryotic ?

single-celled organisms

eukaryotic meaning

“true nucleus”

what is the domain for eukaryotes

eukaryotic

where is DNA stored for eukaryotes

it is stored in the nucleus (surrounded by the membrane)

what are organelles ?

what are they surrounded by ?

little organs

membranes with specialized jobs

what do eukaryotic cells consist of ?

single and multi-celled organisms

lysosome

digests objects Brough into the cell by endocytosis, which is using a cell membrane to surround and ingest another cell food/protein

smooth ER function

containing enzymes for destroying toxins and it is where phospholipids are made lol

peroxisome

manages hydrogen peroxide levels and regulates fat metabolism

rough er

covered in protein-making factories called ribosomes

site of protein synthesis for proteins that will be released to outside of the cell

Golgi apparatus

sorts, modifies, and ships proteins meant for release to outside of cell

cytoskeleton

dynamic network of fibrous proteins throughout the cytoplasm

• provide cell with shape and rigidity and help attach cell to neighboring cells and surroundings

• movement of vesicles, organelles, chromosomes during mitosis, cells, and muscles

• strength and rigidity, allowing cell to maintain shape and make connections to other cells and other structures

microtubules

provide support and enable movement

made of a pair of polypeptides called tabular, alpha and beta, maintain cell shape

microfilaments

play key roles in cellular restructuring and movement on the outside of cells

what are the four types of tissues ?

connective tissues, epithelial tissues, nervous tissue, muscle tissue

connective tissue and function

structural, including bones, cartilage, and fat, fibrous proteins, and collagen

epithelial tissue

forms barriers between different spaces

nervous tissue um

movement

muscle tissue

communication and coordination

nervous tissue

communication and coordination

can you explain metabolism and its relationship to surface area concept ?

cells cannot be too big because volume will be too big compared to the service area

negative feedback

products of the reaction or pathway inhibit an enzyme in the pathway, reducing production of the product