NOCTI - Photography (Mrs T.)

Photography

'Drawing' with Light

ISO

Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor

High ISO number

Makes camera more sensitive to light but adds more noise/grain in your image

Low ISO number

Makes camera less sensitive to light and creates less noise/grain in your image

Aperture

An iris or hole within the lens, through which light travels into the camera body

F/Stop

The iris in the lens opens and closes at specific settings called __________

F/4

Larger Aperture opening, creates a shallow DOF

F/22

Smaller Aperture opening, creates a greater DOF

Depth of Field (DOF)

The amount of your image that will be in focus, controlled by your aperture

Shutter Speed

The amount of time the shutter inside the camera is open to expose your photo

Fast Shuttter Speed

Used to freeze motion

Slow Shutter Speed

Used to create motion blur in an image

Panning

An image that will have a subject in focus and motion blur in the background, created by following your subject with the camera while clicking your shutter release and leaving your subject within the same spot in the viewfi​nder

1/500th or 1/1000th

A faster shutter speed, will freeze motion

1/60th or 1/30th

A slower shutter speed, may create camera shake or blur

Bulb

A setting on your camera that will leave the shutter open until you close it

Exposure Triangle

A common way of associating the three variables that determine the exposure of a photograph: ISO, Aperture, and Shutter Speed

Over-Exposure

Lost highlights and details, creating a white-looking or washed-out image

Under-Exposure

Too many shadows and not enough details, creating a dark or shadowy image

Correct exposure

Creating an image with no loss in highlights, shadows, and details

White Balance

The process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

Color Temperature

The warmth or coolness of a color, measured in Kelvins

5500K

Daylight and flash/strobes

3200K - 4000K

Fluorescent

AWB

Auto White Balance; a mode on digital cameras that allows the camera to automatically calculate the white balance

M

Manual Mode, where you choose the settings for shutter speed and aperture

A or Av

Aperture priority mode, where you choose the settings for your aperture and the camera chooses the shutter speed

S or Tv

Shutter priority mode, where you choose the settings for your shutter speed and the camera chooses the aperture

Auto

Auto Mode, where the camera selects both the shutter speed and aperture depending on what it sees

Auto Focus

A focusing system found in modern cameras which can automatically control the optics in a lens to bring a subject into focus

Manual Focus

When the photographer controls their lens' focus by hand, usually turning a focus ring on the lens

Rule of Thirds

A composition rule that divides the image into thirds horizontally and vertically

Negative Space

The area which surrounds the main subject in your photo

Postive Space

The main focus of a picture

Tripod

Used to stablize a camera

Loop Lighting

A portrait lighting pattern that creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek

Butterfly Lighting

Portrait lighting in which the main source of light is placed high and directly in front of the face; this creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly

Rembrandt Lighting

Portrait lighting that places a lit triangle below the subject eye surrounded by shadow

Spilt Lighting

Portrait lighting that splits the face exactly into equal halves with one side being in the light and the other in shadow

Soft box

A light modifier that diffuses the source and focuses it around the subject by means of a black box with scrim.

Umbrella - shoot-thru and reflective

Produces a broader, diffused lighting (similar to outdoor light) that is uncontrolled and uncontained

Snoot

Often used to create a single beam of light to highlight an object or person

Reflector - white, silver, or gold

Used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene

Black Reflector

Used to block or take out the light from a subject or scene

Lighting Modifiers

Used to change the quality of light on a subject or in a scene

Developer, Stop, and Fixer

Chemical process to develop film or photographic paper

SLR camera

Single lens reflex camera

DSLR camera

Digital single lens reflex camera

Exposure

The amount of light in a photo; under-exposed is not enough light, while over-exposed is too much light

High-Key

An image made primarily of light or bright tones

Low-Key

An image made primarily of dark or black tones

Zoom lens

A lens with variable focal length

Prime lens

A lens with a fixed focal length

Vignette

Means the darkening of image corners when compared to the center, can occur by optics or purposefully added in post-production

Ambient Light

The natural light in a scene

Key, Fill, and Back

3 point lighting, standard 3 light lighting set-up

Key or Main Light

Defines the subject

Fill Light

The light source used to fill in shadows caused by other lights but without creating harsh shadows of its own

Back Light - a.k.a. rim light

Illumination from behind the subject and usually creates a sense of depth

Hair Light

Portrait lighting setup that adds dimension and drama to the image by accenting the shoulders and crown of the subject