PE Unit 3 AOS 2

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a high energy compound that muscle cells break down to provide energy for movement.

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate, a by-product of ATP once it has been broken down, which can be resynthesised back into ATP by energy systems.

Energy systems

Three unique chemical processes that resynthesise ADP and Pi back into ATP by breaking down a fuel.

Fuel

A compound that, when broken down, releases energy for ATP resynthesis.

ATP-CP system

An anaerobic system that uses phosphocreatine as fuel, with a small yield and fast rate.

Anaerobic glycolysis system

An anaerobic system that uses glycogen as fuel, breaking it down into glucose for energy, with medium yield and medium rate.

Aerobic system

Uses glycogen, free fatty acids, or protein as fuel, breaking glycogen down into glucose using oxygen, with high yield and low rate.

Fatigue

The inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal physical capabilities.

Fuel depletion

Reduction in the amount of fuel available for energy systems to utilise.

Accumulation of metabolic by-products

A build-up of lactate and hydrogen ions in the muscles.

Thermoregulatory fatigue

When performance decreases due to internal or external temperature increases.

Lactate inflection point

The last point where lactate removal equals production, after which lactate accumulates exponentially.

Lactate tolerance

Ability to continue working at a high intensity despite the presence of lactate and hydrogen ions.

Passive recovery

The fastest way to replenish phosphocreatine stores, achieved through inactivity.

Active recovery

The fastest way to remove metabolic by-products from muscle cells, achieved through movement at a low intensity.

System Interplay

How all energy systems work together to produce energy.

Continuous exercise

Exercise that is non-stop with intensity mostly unchanging.

Intermittent exercise

An event that is 'stop-start' in nature, with rest breaks and several changes in intensity.

VO2 max

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported, and utilised in L/minute, indicating aerobic performance.

Oxygen deficit

A stage of exercise where oxygen supply does not meet the demands of the activity, increasing anaerobic pathways.

Steady state

A stage of exercise where oxygen supply meets the demands, with the aerobic system as a major contributor.

Excess post exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

A stage where oxygen supply exceeds demands, usually associated with rest or recovery periods.

Acute responses

Bodily changes that occur when one begins exercise, lasting during exercise and the immediate recovery period.

Cardiovascular responses

Responses including increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and blood redistribution during exercise.

Respiratory responses

Responses including increased respiratory rate, tidal volume, ventilation, and pulmonary diffusion during exercise.

Muscular responses

Responses including increased motor unit recruitment and activation, temperature, production of by-products, and decreased energy substrate levels.