Parliamentary Law making

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Last updated 6:30 PM on 6/4/26
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6 Terms

1
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The legislative process

  • Green paper

  • White paper

  • Bill is drafted

  • First reading (HoC)

  • Second reading (HoC)

  • Committee stage (HoC)

  • Report stage (HoC)

  • Third reading (HoC)

  • House of Lord (all 5 steps repeated)

  • Royal assent


2
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Parliament

3 bodies:

  • House of Commons - 650 elected MPs

  • House of Lords - 92 hereditary peers, 600 life peers (undemocratic)

  • The crown


3
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Types of bill

  • public bills

  • private bills

  • private members’ bills


4
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Public bills

  • Involve matters of the public policy that affect whole country / large section of it

  • Some bills may affect only devolved countries (Scotland, Wales, NI, England)

  • Constitutional Reform Act 2005


5
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Private bills

  • Pass law that only affects individual people / corporations

  • University College London Act 1996


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Private members’ bills

  • Introduced and sponsored by individual MPs

  • Ballot in each parliamentary section - 20 MPs present bill to parliament

  • Time is limited so only about 6 MPs can introduce their bill

  • Relatively few of these bills become law

  • Abortion Act 1967