Introduction to vector and pest

The Pest Problem reasons

• High densities with relatively short life spans

• Rapid multiplication with relatively high reproduction

• Competition on limited resources

• Survival in harsh environments

• The ability to damage crops and plants as well as affect humans and animals

• The Syn-anthropy

Syn-anthropy

the close association with humans

Whats considered as a pest

any organism causing damage to the crops or causing annoyance to human or animals

Whats considered as vector

any arthropod capable to transmit pathogens to humans or animal

Natural Control

The balance between birth and deaths neither of which reamins constant, determines the rate of population change

What influences Mortality

Population density in the form of increased competition between individuals specifically for the remaining food resources

Resource ceiling

to population growth, giving any area of habitat a constrained carrying capacity

Carrying capacity

is the key factor controls the population size

Factors affecting the abundance of insects pests and vectors

1. Natural Control

2. Mortality

3. Resource ceiling

4. Carrying capacity

Natural pest control

type of control that occurs in nature without human control and leads to a reduction in the number of pests in the long term by all living and non-living surrounding environmental factor

Factors of the natural control

1. Biotic factors

2. Abiotic factors

Biotic factors which may includes

• Competition on the limited resource

• Predators

• Parasites

• Pathogens

Abiotic factors include

• Climate factors (temp, humidity, etc.)

• Geographical isolation

• Natural disasters

Population balance

Interaction between biotic, abiotic factors, and carrying capacity

Biological Competence

Survival and Reproduction

Survival Competence

Includes anything that help the species to survive

Reproductive Competence

Includes anything that help the species to improve their reproduction power and quality of the offspring

Milne theory to control densities of population

1. Factor Completely associated with population density

2. Factors Partially associated with population density

3. Factor Unassociated with population density

Factors Completely associated with population density

This factors works when the population density approaches the threshold of the carrying capacity . When the population density tends to approach the minimum level ; effect of this factor tends to stop . Depends on competition and never fails to control the population density in natural and regular conditions.

Factors partially associated with population density

Mode of action of this factor is similar to the first but it may fail in certain conditions to control the density of the population. This factor depends on certain elements to control the density of the population,and the absence of one of these elements may leads this factor to fail in controlling population density.

Factor unassociated with population density

This factor never depends on the population density. Main element of this factor is the climatic factors which are closely associated with the survival of the population hence the population density

Applied vector and pest control

this type is controlled by humans and applied on wild pests and vectors populations

What is the difference between pest control and pest eradication ( the outbreak threshold)

Control means decrease the pest population to the level that it doesnt cause damage to crops or causes disease to humans or animals

Advantages of Control

can be applied in any environment when the density approaching the outbreak threshold

Effect of intervention on the containment of pest and vectors damage

outbreak then epidemic then pandemic

Integrated Vector and Pest Managment (IVM / IPM)

1. Mechanical methods

2. Physical methods

3. Agricultural management methods

4. Genetical methods

5. Legislation methods

6. Chemical methods

7. Biological methods

IVM / IPM is

the utilization of all appropriate technological and management techniques to bring out an effective degree of vector or pest in a cost effectiveness manner and also to avoid the overuse of one of the methods

Sigmoid curve of population growth against time

Impact of intervention (VS) time

Impact of intervention (VS) time

The impact of intervention increases when it starts as early as possible