Psychoanalysis after the Founding

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis

had 7 techniques that he used during counseling : free association, catharsis, transference, counter transference, interpretation of dreams, latent content, freudian slips

what would happen during Frued’s first and second session with a patient?

1.His first session with a patient was an interview. The interview would be normal(why are you coming for help, history, how are you going to pay).

2.The next session he would use other techniques(ex: free association, catharsis,etc..)

Free Association

The next time you come to session(the second session), he would refer to notes and ask people to talk about their history(“tell me about that”). Giving an idea and having you talk about it

• the most normal of Freud’s techniques

• had a couch to get person to relax and facing the other direction(a way to prevent being embarrassed or being intimidated)

catharsis

Seeing psyche as a pot(like hydraulic model) with live keeps putting stress into pot. If you don’t have healthy release it boils over. Catharsis says that we have a healthy release of emotions so we don’t have a “break”

•We should only talk about certain thing for so long because Rumination can lead to not moving on

transference

-occurs when patient transfers feelings of other important people in life to the therapist

•Ex: transferring feelings of healthy father to therapist (Freud encouraged)

counter transference

occurs when feelings of therapist toward the patient are seen as a reaction to the transference feelings of the patient

·      If the therapist is attracted to patient, the therapist will ask why are you flirting with me?

·      Don’t blame patient for your feelings

·      Individuals are responsible for their emotions

example countertransference

if the therapist is attracted to patient, the therapist will ask why are you flirting with me?

this is bad

• Don’t blame patient for your feelings

• Individuals are responsible for their emotions

interpretation of dreams

for Freud dreams were symbols

• manifest and latent content

manifest content

what you tell others about the dream

latent content

the underlying layer that we need someone to interpret for us

• freud believed that dreams had symbols that apply to everyone

Freudian slips(slips of the tounge)

our unconscious determines all of our behavior. There are no accidents(even slips of the tounge)

Ex: women that said big bills instead of pills

what was the purpose to all of Freud’s techniques

All therapeutic techniques were to get to the unconscious.

Freud’s structure of personality

Id, ego and superego

• mostly not accepted anymore

ID

when a baby is born, they are an ID, which are basic impulses

•A moral- no moral compass. They do not mean to be mean. They are just unaware.

- Irrational, impulsive, want what it wants now

- All happen at a complete unconscious level

what principle does the ID focus on

the pleasure principle- the baby wants what feels good, even if its bad for them

the ID is in charge of libido

life energy

Physical and mental energy are different(example, when you don’t do much of anything but we are still mentally exhausted)

• Id is in charge of libido, with other components to form they have to wrestle with the ID to get take away some of that energy to form

• Life energy is towards life affirming tendency- being kind to yourself and others

in frued’s stages of personality if parents do not let them get everything they want, tell them no. Around 6 months of age(or longer in this period) what will form??

the EGO will form

Ego

think of the person in the middle (between the ID and Superego)

• The Id says “I want I want I want” and the superego saying “no this is not the best idea”

• The executive mediator between the ID’s impulses and the superego interventions

what principle does the ego operate on

the reality principle/ realistic goal

example of the reality principle

Ex: You want to eat a whole chocolate cake. The ID says lets do it and the Superego says “no that’s not a good idea.” The Ego finds the solution “one piece today, none tomorrow”

-The ego finds realistic solutions between the polar opposites

when and why does the superego form

forms at 3 to 4

• Based on the parents teaching right from wrong

• Starting to identify and learn from parents

superego

• Morality comes from here

• Strive for perfection

• The parents becoming their conscience

• Operates on the unconscious

what energy does the supergo thrive

Thanatos Death energy- destructive tendency (harming someone else or others)

• Taking risks that lead to your death

according to Freud’s theory when does anxiety form

when the superego is overpowered by the ID

• 2 firms realistic and neurotic

neurotic anxiety

when the superego fights with the ID. If this is to much the ego will employee defensive mechanisms which include:

defense mechanisms

repression, projecting your bad qualities on someone else, denial of qualities, displacement

repression

is when we keep memories or impulses down in the unconscious

displacement

putting your bad qualities on a substitute

ex: putting unhealthy impulse (chocolate cake) on something healthier lemonade

Frued’s Students-those who he knew personally

carl jung, alfred adler, fronm, karen hormey, anna freud

frued’s students- those who he did not know personality

gordon allport, henry murray, erik erikson

carl jung

Not technically a student of Freud. Read something that Freud wrote and loved it/ started following it. Had strong friendship and then they had to many conflicts. Then Freud disassociated with him.

carl jung’s ideas

• growth mindset

• midlife crisis

• dream interpreatation

growth mindset

Jung saw humans as growing throughout life, whereas Freud saw as fixed

-       Freud though are personalities at 5 after superego

-       Jung said we keep growing as long as we live, if willing

midlife crisis

halfway through life what have I done with my life. Have to change things before life ends. This is also people trying to stay young

dream interpretation

• For Freud our unconscious is personal, and it comes from parents and experience. Jung argued collective conscious. An archetypes

-       Archtypes- symbols that we all share at an unconscious level (ex: having a hero)  

Frued v. Jung- differing ideas on dream analysis

* Freud- our dreams are universal and collective. Someone must interpret for you

*Jung- our dreams are personal- you are the only one that can interpret for you

Jung Came up the idea of introversion and extroversion

The Myers Briggs- two ladies that were two fans of Jung came up with the Myers Briggs inventory.

alfred adler

the sickly child

• inferitorty and organ complex

• birth order

inferiority complex

as children we are all inferior. The people around you can make you feel that way or not. Growing up with this can cause you not have confidence or not succeed

organ complex

Illness that affects part of body. Not just organs but a part of the body. This can also make you feel inferior

• Can make you work harder to succeed or not wanting to try

eric fronm

Argued that people in general have a basic need for security(we need authority, or we need to be the authority). To much freedom is scary and makes us turn to an authority figure

karen horney

GAD, Neurotic needs, womb envy, feminine psychology

neurotic needs

- needs that we all have and we take them to the extreme (need for security, belonging) .10 needs total

womb envy

Freud argued that women wanted to be like men (wanted men’s parts). But Horney argued that her men clients said, “ how can we be sure that the baby is ours?” what if she had an affair. No matter what a woman who has a child on the earth leaves a legacy when they die. This led them to try and leave legacy in other ways

anna freud

* She was the child who help her father and took care of his health (came from Germany)

*Her and her colleague came up with play therapy

These people are Freud’s followers but did not know him personally, but were impacted by Freud’s ideas

henry murray

* Expanded Horney’s 10 basic needs to 30 among the needs is the

- need of affiliation

-need for achievement

erik erikson

- the stages of psychological development

Know his 8 stages: