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These Question-and-Answer flashcards review key points from the lecture, covering prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, and invertebrate zoology to aid exam preparation.
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Into which two domains are prokaryotes divided?
Archaea and Bacteria.
What is the process in which a bacterial cell passes DNA to another through a sex pilus?
Conjugation.
Which group of protozoans move with pseudopodia?
Amoeboids.
The kingdom Protista contains all of the following EXCEPT __.
Yeasts (they are fungi).
Who was first to observe living organisms in pond water?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
Name a photosynthetic prokaryote.
Cyanobacteria.
Which genus of green algae is multicellular?
Ulva.
By what asexual process do most bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission.
List the three basic bacterial shapes.
Bacillus, coccus, and spirillum.
Paramecium belongs to which protistan group?
Ciliates.
Organisms that absorb nutrients by decomposing dead matter are called __.
Saprotrophs.
Which of these is NOT a fungus: yeast, brown algae, mushroom, morel, shelf fungus?
Brown algae.
Athlete’s foot is an example of what human fungal disease?
Tineas (ringworm group).
Lichens are a symbiosis between _____ and _____ .
Cyanobacteria (or green algae) and fungi.
Club-shaped structures in mushrooms that bear sexual spores are called __.
Basidia.
Which of the following is NOT a sac fungus (Ascomycete)?
Black bread mold (a Zygomycete).
Sac fungi are named for their cup-like reproductive structure, the __.
Ascocarp.
Individual fungal filaments are __; a mass of them is a __.
Hyphae; mycelium.
Molds (except slime & water molds) and mushrooms belong to which kingdom?
Fungi.
The edible above-ground portion of a mushroom is called the __.
Basidiocarp
A leafy plant with no true roots or stems but with rhizoids is a __.
Liverwort.
Which of the following is NOT part of a fern: frond, fiddlehead, rhizome, sori, rhizoid?
Rhizoid.
Which vascular plant group produces ‘naked’ seeds?
Gymnosperms.
The stigma, style, and ovary together form the __ of a flower.
Carpel (pistil).
The largest, most diverse seedless vascular plants are the __.
Ferns.
Rust-colored spore clusters on the underside of fern fronds are called __.
Sori.
Whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and true ferns are collectively __.
Seedless vascular plants.
Angiosperm reproductive parts are the ____ and the ______ .
Carpel and stamen.
In angiosperms, ovules are contained within the __.
Ovary.
Which plant hormone is NOT found in plants: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, HGH?
HGH (Human Growth Hormone).
Which plant hormone is a gas?
Ethylene.
What waxy layer waterproofs the outer epidermis of leaves and stems?
Cuticle.
In roots, which structures increase surface area for absorption?
Root hairs.
Monocot floral parts are typically in multiples of __.
Three.
Microspores develop into the male gametophyte called __.
Pollen grains.
Megaspores develop into the female gametophyte that contains the __.
Egg(s).
Gladiolus has parallel-veined leaves and floral parts in threes; it is a __.
Monocot.
A flower with both stamens and carpels is termed a __ flower.
Perfect.
Which phylum is bilateral, segmented, hermaphroditic, and includes earthworms?
Annelida.
Which arthropod undergoes complete metamorphosis?
Butterfly.
The head region of a tapeworm is called the __.
Scolex.
In molluscs, the sheath of tissue that secretes the shell is the __.
Mantle.
Animals with no definite body symmetry exhibit __.
Asymmetry.
The umbrella-shaped body form in jellyfish is the __ stage.
Medusa.
Sea-star pedicellariae primarily function to __.
Keep the surface clean of algae, barnacles, and debris.
Snails, squids, and octopuses belong to the phylum __.
Mollusca.
Tapeworm segments packed with embryos are called __.
Proglottids.
Which adult animals exhibit radial symmetry?
Cnidarians (e.g., jellyfish, sea anemones).
In a Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria appear __.
Pink.
What bacterial structure is a sticky gel-like coat aiding in attachment?
Capsule.
Which structure provides shape and protection to bacterial cells?
Cell wall.
Conjugation involves DNA transfer via a sex pilus. (True/False)
True.
Kingdom Protista members are all __ cells.
Eukaryotic.
Which protist in lab was green and moved by a flagellum?
Euglena.
Photosynthetic and heterotrophic mean the same thing. (True/False)
False.
Describe the layer order in a lichen, top to bottom.
Fungal layer – photosynthetic cells – fungal layer.
The umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom is the __.
Cap.
Mushrooms belong to the group of __ fungi.
Club (Basidiomycota).
Many sac fungi form chains of asexual spores called __.
Conidia.
The food-absorbing portion of a fungus is the __.
Mycelium.
Which pair is mismatched: ascocarp – shelf fungi?
Correct; shelf fungi are basidiomycetes, not ascocarps.
The hyphae are the filamentous strands of a mycelium. (True/False)
True.
In Bryophyta (mosses), the dominant generation is the __.
Gametophyte.
A sorus on a fern frond produces spores for the next generation. (True/False)
True.
Fronds are characteristic of which plant division?
Pterophyta (ferns).
Eating under-cooked pork may transmit the roundworm disease __.
Trichinosis.
Corals belong to which cnidarian class?
Anthozoa.
A gemmule (ball of amoebocytes) is a reproductive structure in a __.
Freshwater sponge.
Cnidarians use nematocysts on tentacles to capture prey. (True/False)
True.
In Hydra, testes appear as rounded swellings on the body wall. (True/False)
True.
Filarial heartworms in dogs are what kind of worms?
Roundworms (nematodes).
The phylum of flatworms is __.
Platyhelminthes.
Fimbriae on bacteria are primarily used for __.
Attachment to surfaces or other cells.
The region in a bacterium where its circular DNA resides is the __.
Nucleoid.
What structure allows some bacteria to move?
Flagellum.