Review 2: Survey of Microbiology, Botany & Invertebrate Zoology

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These Question-and-Answer flashcards review key points from the lecture, covering prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, and invertebrate zoology to aid exam preparation.

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75 Terms

1
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Into which two domains are prokaryotes divided?

Archaea and Bacteria.

2
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What is the process in which a bacterial cell passes DNA to another through a sex pilus?

Conjugation.

3
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Which group of protozoans move with pseudopodia?

Amoeboids.

4
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The kingdom Protista contains all of the following EXCEPT __.

Yeasts (they are fungi).

5
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Who was first to observe living organisms in pond water?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

6
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Name a photosynthetic prokaryote.

Cyanobacteria.

7
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Which genus of green algae is multicellular?

Ulva.

8
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By what asexual process do most bacteria reproduce?

Binary fission.

9
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List the three basic bacterial shapes.

Bacillus, coccus, and spirillum.

10
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Paramecium belongs to which protistan group?

Ciliates.

11
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Organisms that absorb nutrients by decomposing dead matter are called __.

Saprotrophs.

12
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Which of these is NOT a fungus: yeast, brown algae, mushroom, morel, shelf fungus?

Brown algae.

13
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Athlete’s foot is an example of what human fungal disease?

Tineas (ringworm group).

14
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Lichens are a symbiosis between _____ and _____ .

Cyanobacteria (or green algae) and fungi.

15
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Club-shaped structures in mushrooms that bear sexual spores are called __.

Basidia.

16
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Which of the following is NOT a sac fungus (Ascomycete)?

Black bread mold (a Zygomycete).

17
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Sac fungi are named for their cup-like reproductive structure, the __.

Ascocarp.

18
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Individual fungal filaments are __; a mass of them is a __.

Hyphae; mycelium.

19
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Molds (except slime & water molds) and mushrooms belong to which kingdom?

Fungi.

20
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The edible above-ground portion of a mushroom is called the __.

Basidiocarp

21
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A leafy plant with no true roots or stems but with rhizoids is a __.

Liverwort.

22
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Which of the following is NOT part of a fern: frond, fiddlehead, rhizome, sori, rhizoid?

Rhizoid.

23
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Which vascular plant group produces ‘naked’ seeds?

Gymnosperms.

24
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The stigma, style, and ovary together form the __ of a flower.

Carpel (pistil).

25
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The largest, most diverse seedless vascular plants are the __.

Ferns.

26
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Rust-colored spore clusters on the underside of fern fronds are called __.

Sori.

27
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Whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and true ferns are collectively __.

Seedless vascular plants.

28
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Angiosperm reproductive parts are the ____ and the ______ .

Carpel and stamen.

29
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In angiosperms, ovules are contained within the __.

Ovary.

30
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Which plant hormone is NOT found in plants: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, HGH?

HGH (Human Growth Hormone).

31
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Which plant hormone is a gas?

Ethylene.

32
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What waxy layer waterproofs the outer epidermis of leaves and stems?

Cuticle.

33
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In roots, which structures increase surface area for absorption?

Root hairs.

34
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Monocot floral parts are typically in multiples of __.

Three.

35
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Microspores develop into the male gametophyte called __.

Pollen grains.

36
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Megaspores develop into the female gametophyte that contains the __.

Egg(s).

37
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Gladiolus has parallel-veined leaves and floral parts in threes; it is a __.

Monocot.

38
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A flower with both stamens and carpels is termed a __ flower.

Perfect.

39
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Which phylum is bilateral, segmented, hermaphroditic, and includes earthworms?

Annelida.

40
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Which arthropod undergoes complete metamorphosis?

Butterfly.

41
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The head region of a tapeworm is called the __.

Scolex.

42
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In molluscs, the sheath of tissue that secretes the shell is the __.

Mantle.

43
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Animals with no definite body symmetry exhibit __.

Asymmetry.

44
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The umbrella-shaped body form in jellyfish is the __ stage.

Medusa.

45
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Sea-star pedicellariae primarily function to __.

Keep the surface clean of algae, barnacles, and debris.

46
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Snails, squids, and octopuses belong to the phylum __.

Mollusca.

47
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Tapeworm segments packed with embryos are called __.

Proglottids.

48
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Which adult animals exhibit radial symmetry?

Cnidarians (e.g., jellyfish, sea anemones).

49
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In a Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria appear __.

Pink.

50
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What bacterial structure is a sticky gel-like coat aiding in attachment?

Capsule.

51
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Which structure provides shape and protection to bacterial cells?

Cell wall.

52
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Conjugation involves DNA transfer via a sex pilus. (True/False)

True.

53
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Kingdom Protista members are all __ cells.

Eukaryotic.

54
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Which protist in lab was green and moved by a flagellum?

Euglena.

55
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Photosynthetic and heterotrophic mean the same thing. (True/False)

False.

56
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Describe the layer order in a lichen, top to bottom.

Fungal layer – photosynthetic cells – fungal layer.

57
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The umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom is the __.

Cap.

58
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Mushrooms belong to the group of __ fungi.

Club (Basidiomycota).

59
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Many sac fungi form chains of asexual spores called __.

Conidia.

60
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The food-absorbing portion of a fungus is the __.

Mycelium.

61
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Which pair is mismatched: ascocarp – shelf fungi?

Correct; shelf fungi are basidiomycetes, not ascocarps.

62
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The hyphae are the filamentous strands of a mycelium. (True/False)

True.

63
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In Bryophyta (mosses), the dominant generation is the __.

Gametophyte.

64
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A sorus on a fern frond produces spores for the next generation. (True/False)

True.

65
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Fronds are characteristic of which plant division?

Pterophyta (ferns).

66
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Eating under-cooked pork may transmit the roundworm disease __.

Trichinosis.

67
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Corals belong to which cnidarian class?

Anthozoa.

68
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A gemmule (ball of amoebocytes) is a reproductive structure in a __.

Freshwater sponge.

69
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Cnidarians use nematocysts on tentacles to capture prey. (True/False)

True.

70
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In Hydra, testes appear as rounded swellings on the body wall. (True/False)

True.

71
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Filarial heartworms in dogs are what kind of worms?

Roundworms (nematodes).

72
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The phylum of flatworms is __.

Platyhelminthes.

73
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Fimbriae on bacteria are primarily used for __.

Attachment to surfaces or other cells.

74
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The region in a bacterium where its circular DNA resides is the __.

Nucleoid.

75
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What structure allows some bacteria to move?

Flagellum.