Key Concepts in Pediatric, Obese, Pregnant, and Immunocompromised Patients in Surgical Care

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to pediatric, obese, pregnant, and immunocompromised patients in surgical care, suitable for exam preparation.

Who is particularly at risk for disparity in medical care due to physical, psychological, or social differences?

Pediatric patients are notably susceptible to disparities in medical care due to their unique differences.

Define a pediatric patient.

A pediatric patient is any patient aged from birth to 18 years old.

What is hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a condition where the body temperature falls below normal levels.

What is Bradycardia?

Bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate.

What does acidosis refer to in a medical context?

Acidosis refers to an increase in acidity in the blood, causing a low blood pH.

At what age does the epiphyseal plate of bone close?

The epiphyseal plate closes around age 20.

What is the typical blood pressure formula for children aged one year or older?

For children aged one year or older, the systolic pressure is calculated as 80 plus two times their age.

Why are babies more prone to ear infections?

Babies are more prone to ear infections due to their horizontal, wider, and shorter ear canals.

What is an isolette?

An isolette is a device used to regulate the temperature for premature or sick infants during transport.

What is significant about how pediatric patients are transferred to the OR?

It's essential to reduce separation anxiety by using familiar and comforting transfer methods, such as carrying them or using an isolette.

What is the importance of maintaining warmth for pediatric patients in the OR?

Pediatric patients are prone to greater heat loss due to thinner skin and less fat content.

What fluids are typically avoided in neonates?

Foley catheters are usually not placed in neonates as they can cause trauma to the urethra.

What does NPO stand for, and why is it important for surgical patients?

NPO means nothing by mouth; it’s crucial for preventing complications during surgery.

What are the characteristics of obese patients that require special surgical considerations?

Obese patients may have difficulties with positioning, increased pressure on organs, and delayed wound healing due to subcutaneous tissue.

How does obesity affect anesthesia during surgical procedures?

Obese patients may retain anesthesia drugs longer due to increased adipose tissue, affecting recovery.

Why is managing diabetes crucial in surgical patients?

Diabetic patients are at higher risk for complications like infections and delayed healing due to blood sugar fluctuations.

What considerations are there when performing surgery on pregnant women?

Surgery is preferably delayed until the second or third trimester unless it is an emergency; fetal monitoring is also essential.

What is the significance of positioning a pregnant woman for surgery?

Positioning is crucial to avoid placing pressure on major blood vessels due to the weight of the uterus.

What does being immunocompromised mean?

Immunocompromised patients have weakened immune systems, making them more vulnerable to infections and complications.

What are some common surgical complications in immunocompromised patients?

Common complications include delayed healing, increased risk of infection, and complications from underlying health issues.

What is the purpose of using contact precautions and isolation in the surgical setting?

It prevents the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms during surgery.

How should evidence be preserved in trauma cases?

All physical evidence should be carefully documented and preserved in paper bags to prevent contamination.

What is the 'golden hour' in trauma care?

The 'golden hour' refers to the critical time immediately after an injury when prompt treatment can significantly affect survival.