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A patriot who had promoted resistance and non-importatation during previous tax crises
John Dickinson
Americans who sided with the British during the revolutionary war, independence as a divisive topic unclear how many Americans opposed the war in private
Loyalists
George Washington's slaves at mount Vernon that escaped in 1771 and was recaptured and then joined back Dunmore's forces in 1775 (Significance: Example of many enslaved African Americans who chose the loyalist side for freedom)
Harry "Washington"
Attacked troops in Boston, seized the weapons, "British are coming" when they met the concord, they met all kinds of militia, and attacked the army (Significance: First change of fire, military exchange that give Americans a lot of confidence that they can win.)
Lexington and Concord
Militia Members ready to fire in minutes notice, train a little bit and start regime, ready to assemble on minutes notices, bulk of continental army
Minute Men
Allocate funds and resources for the new army, start of a representative of an independent nation before Declaration of Independence was reclaimed. Start to act as representatives of sovereign nation before independence was declared.
Second continental congress
Led by George Washington and commander of troops of united provinces of North America, had the best military experience and knew the British strategies
Continental Army
High cost (due to the war effort), many challenges continued even after independence (no government structure, temporary structure in place, inflation, and racial tension. Main point: Nothing changed or benefitted significantly from the creation of the ISA (women's, blacks, loyalists) kicked out of America. poor white farmers found themselves in a huge burden because of taxes.
Overall challenges of the war
War in the north 1766- 1767 American defeats
Battle of Saratoga October 1777
French Alliance (1778)
War of the south in the US, victory at Yorktown (October 1781)
Phases of the war
Land gains after 1783
Near the Ohio river gained by France now is transferred to US
Spain regains Florida
Located from Ohio river to the north across the Great Lakes (Canada)
Treaty of Paris of 1783 (Impacts on a Map View)
Hard negotiations with England Spain and France
American diplomatic delegation in Paris between Ben Franklin and John Adams
Land increase and England recognizes American independence
British Colonies, sovereign independent
Global Significance: inspired other revolutions and independece movements
Treaty of Paris
Huge Land increase: Mississippi north to modern Canada border, south to southern Georgia.
Official Trade Partnerships
War debt temporarily covered by France (American will repay slowly while their economy is improving)
Lead to the French Revolution (The payments to France)
Treaty of Paris continued (Other Points):
Deep scars in the country (destruction property, infrastructures, violence by enemy, etc.)
Higher Ideal creation of a new stable republic based on Equality and Liberty
New tensions and divisions issues of Slavery and western expansion Indians and women's rights who would be included new nation
Post Revolutionary America
1777 continental congress (lasted in between 1777 - 1783)
State constitution: most states do this until the end of the revolutionary war
Articles of Confederation
Definition: Period to shape the articles of Confederation
Weaknesses of the articles of confederation and lead to big issues they can resolve
Financial Crisis
Deep financial crisis - Inability to collect taxes and huge devaluation of continental currency
Foreign policies Crisis: government are unable to establish a nation commercial policy or fulfill treaty treatments, need companies to be reinforced
Civic Protests - and the danger's of democracy, popular discontent and protests continue, especially on the western frontier. Revealed diverging views of future/constitutional needs (shay's rebellion)
Too much democracy does not lead to resolution, how to stabilize the situation, democracy is not a proper solution
1783 - 1789 critical period (Articles > State constitution > constitution
Critical Period
Definition: A gather of many leaders to revise the Articles confederation during the critical period in private. ( George Washington, James Madison, and Andrew Hamilton)
Significance: representation of small and large states, slavery issue.
Gathered many leaders including George Washington, James Madison, and Andrew Hamilton and Ben Franklin (Jefferson was not there was in France)
Meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation after the Critical Period
Influence state constitutions: proceeded federal) all state had already passed bill of rights
Checks and Balances (equal powers)
Philadelphia Constitutional Convention of 1787
Strong central government
Two houses (bicameral)
Should we include slaves in our population count?
Checks and Balances (equal power) between legislative, executive and judical government
(16/55 Delegates initially refused to sign the constitution)
Created a framework of future US development
James Madison Virginia Plan
Solved through compromise
Solution to the arguments between F and AF: adding the bill of rights and not aboloshing slavery
Get pro rights to support the constitution
Federalists vs Antifederalist
1787 - 1790
When was the Constitution ratified?
A unique democratic government
What type of government was introduced by the Constitutional Convention?
Popular sovereignty
What principle ensures that authority is given only to elected officials?
Flexibility and the ability to change
What ability did the Constitutional Convention emphasize regarding governance?
Equality, freedom, happiness, and progress
What ideals were inspired by the achievements of the Constitutional Convention?
It aimed to get rid of privilege and aristocracy, promoting equality
How did the Constitutional Convention impact privilege and aristocracy?
(1812) war between france and Britain usa want to be neutral carriers( friends) and trade with both while staying out of conflict.
war of 1812
Bought land, doubled land masses, and guaranteed freedom for independence for all Americans(1803)
Louisiana Purchase
comes about with 1828 presidential election about personalities not issues: first election about this and not real issues.
Mass Politics
pioneer of modern American electioneering and campaigning; role of press propaganda( flyer) , one of the better campaign( 1837-41)
Martin Van Buren( future president_
1829-37; 7th president; military hero
first president to grow up poor,
"common man"
Andrew Jackson
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal / relocation of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River( forcibly, took territory away)
Indian Removal Act
The moving of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma. Only 1 out of 5 lived. then the indian removal of 1830
cherokee trail of tears
provides a structure government of northwest territory area to settle new territory and turn them into states and incorporate them in the union, and it was passed by the philadelphia convention
Significance: outlawed slavery supported the British to seek freedom about 5k of enslaved men and served in the patriot army with enslaved and free black sand also making a significant contribution to the navy and some integrated units, and after the blacks were enslaved assemblies gaining freedom by petitioning.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
A compromise reached in 1787 to count three-fifths of the slave population for representation and taxation purposes.
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
In 1787, during the Constitutional Convention.
When was the 3/5 Compromise established?
It allowed slave states to gain more representation by counting slaves in the population, contributing to the conditions that led to the Civil War.
What was the significance of the 3/5 Compromise?
No, the Constitution failed to end slavery.
Did the Constitution end slavery?
they were not counted, had no voting rights, and gained very little, rebublican as the new model, defines the role in motherhood and raising virtualize citizens
Why were women so disappointed during the 3/5 compromise?
April 1789; becomes 1st president and chosen by congress because he was the hero of the revolutionary to bring people together, and forced into presidency again, and see civil war before it happens.
Why was George Washington important in the Early Republic?
elected in 1796 and first to reside in the white house to run as federalist party.
Why was John Adams important in the early republic?
enemies with John Adams, elected 1800 and 1817 and aaron and george clinton.
Why was Thomas Jefferson important in the early republic?
patriot architect of the constitution, and he called the start of the war of 1812 declare war against the executive power to declare against the british.
James Madison
a strong executive branch and less state rights and believes in a strong central government; Hamilton; merchant property owners and urban workers
What was the federalist party?
not roots to the political party together and sympathetic to french revolution hostile to great britain. majority party after 1800's under the leadership of jefferson
What was the democratic republican party?
GW sent 13k minutement to participate in a series of protest against federal on distilled spirits.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
1794, after the constitution was signed
When was the Whiskey Rebellion?
it was a clear message that the national government would not allow violent resistance to the laws, and if you had a problem about something there was alternative to violence
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
president adams under fire for passing laws to limit freedom of speech to the first ammendment, and allowed deportation of foreign national deemed dangerous to french people,
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
1798, after the; whiskey rebellion, out of fear of WAR with the French
When was the alien and sedition act?
raised the question of if the government can really do what they want? Do they have that full power. No constitution help leads to this opposition.
What is the significance of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Romans held a bay leaf and it symbolized victory
Liberty Washington
the idea that governments should be based on the consent of the people
What is Republicanism?
Government by consent, civic equality between citizens, and more economic opportunities.
What hopes and vision does Republicanism embody for American government?
ideal citizen was the agarian republic( independent farmer who owns his own land, despise luxury power an patriot and natural tendencies.
Yeoman Farmer
spread territory and led to the lousiana purchase.
What was the significance of the Yeoman Farmer?
announcement to citizens that he was not running again for president. used to cultivate peace and faith justice towards all nation, and harmony and call for help, more good relationships, talk to them about the democracy as a whole
George Washington Farewell Address
Partisanship: south and north east and west and it divides the nation; Political Partisanship: tyranny support is going to take advantage. in absolute power of an individual people are no going to go to on the democratic party, crusted the opposition
What were the concerns after GW Farewell Address?
1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. 15 million.
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
1803- expanded the agrarian republic, more natural resources and more implied powers over the land and the federal constitution
When was the Louisiana purchase and why was it significant?
