STAT 124 - Analysis of a Single Sample

This set of flashcards summarizes key terms and definitions related to statistics, focusing on hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and measures of sample data.

Sample Proportion (pˆ)

The ratio of the number of observed successes (such as business majors) to the total sample size.

Standard Error (SE)

A measure of the dispersion of sample proportions around the true population proportion.

Margin of Error (ME)

The range that defines the uncertainty around a sample-based estimate, calculated at a specific confidence level.

Confidence Interval

A range of values derived from sample data that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

A statement asserting that there is no effect or difference and serves as a basis for statistical testing.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

The hypothesis that indicates the presence of an effect or difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Z-Statistic

A statistical measure that describes a value's relationship to the mean of a group of values, often used in hypothesis testing.

Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

A statistical test used to determine whether the observed frequencies in categorical data differ from expected frequencies.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

The number of independent values that can vary in an analysis without breaking any constraints.

Statistical Significance

A determination that observed results in a study are unlikely to have occurred by chance.