All Biology Flashcards

Lysosomes

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes that breaks down waste

Peroxisome

An organelle that contains oxidizing enzymes to break down fatty acids

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus and it holds RNA and ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle attached to the nucleus and used for making macromolecules, rough makes proteins and smooth makes fats and carbs

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that packs and sorts proteins and fats to be transported

Model Organism

An organism that is used by scientists to test on to learn more about how cells work

Ribosome

An organelle that is the machine that makes and synthesizes proteins

Translation

The process where ribosomes decode RNA messengers to build specific proteins

Transcription

The process where the genetic code in DNA is copied into a messanger RNA

Hydrogen Bond

A bond between an electronegative atom and hydrogen

Organic Molecules

Any molecules that contain carbon and are usually bonded to oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen or phosphorus

Functional Group

A specific cluster of elements attached to a carbon in a chain of carbon and determines characteristics of the chain

Nucleoside

A molecule that contains a sugar and a nitrogenous base, but no phosphate group

Glycosidic Bond

The bond between two monosaccharides

Phosphodiester Bond

The bond between two nucleic acid molecules