Final study for life stages, nutrition, husbandry

Regarding Chemical Restraint:

a. It can be overridden by the fight-or-flight response.

b. General anesthesia results in sedation

c. Once sedated or tranquilized, an animal can be left alone on the exam table.

d. An animal that was fearful or aggressive prior to sedation will e calmer during the recovery

It can be overridden by the fight or flight response

Is it ever okay to have an owner restrain their pet?

NO

What is not a tone of voice used as a restraint tool?

Requesting

When cattle are pushed too hard while attempting to move them into a pen they will:

Mill around in a circle.

Before administering treatment to a piglet you must:

Separate them from their mother.

Will an animal’s body temperature increase or decrease under general anesthesia?

decrease (get colder)

How often should litter boxes be cleaned for cats?

Daily

A dog's head dropped lower than its shoulders, tail straight out, and looking right at you indicates a dog that is:

aggressive

An unpredictable environment or inconsistent/inappropriate use of punishment usually leads to the following type of problem:

conflict-related

Before attempting to remove a dog or cat from its cage, the first consideration is to:

close off all escape routes

How often should the cat litter box be changed?

Weekly

What is the pattern of behaviors that bonds animals to their caretakers early in life?

imprinting

Which behavior organization is the largest organization in North America dedicated to the study of animal behavior?

The Animal Behavior Society

An immediate pleasant occurrence that follows a behavior is referred to as:

Positive Reinforcement

When collecting blood from the jugular vein of a dog, the most appropriate restraint technique is:

Sternal Recumbency

Veterinarians who meet specific criteria can become board certified as behavior specialists by the:

American College of Veterinary Behavior

Exposing a pet that is afraid of children using increased periods of time and decreasing distance is an example of:

Desensitization

Cystocentesis is done in what position?

Dorsal Recumbency

Spraying an object with something that has a foul odor or taste to keep a pet from chewing it, is an example of:

Aversion therapy

Clients most often report problem with aggressive behavior in cats directed toward:

Other cats

Clients most often report problem aggressive behavior in dogs directed toward:

People

Withholding affection when a dog jumps up to greet you is an example of:

negative punishment

Behaviors that animals show in situations involving social conflict are:

Agnostic

The association of a particular activity with a punishment or reward is referred to as:

Operant Conditioning

What is ethology?

The study of animal behavior

The process of exposing a young animal to new experiences, people, other animals, and places with the goal of preventing fearful or anxious behavior as adults is referred to as:

Socialization

How should you restrain a 90-lb pregnant dog?

One person controlling the neck and chest, the other person controlling the abdomen and rear

What is the best socialization period in puppies?

3-12 weeks

A vaccine that consists of a live, nonpathogenic virus into which the gene for a pathogen-related antigen has been inserted is which of the following?

Recominant

Which proteins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by diet?

Essential Amino Acids

Which statement concerning insoluable carbohydrates is most accurate?

a. Mammals cannot digest insoluable carbohydrates

b. They increase a diet's caloric density

c. They are an important source of nutrition in the carnivore diet

d. They are ineffective in nutritional management of obesity and gastrointestinal disorders

a. Mammals cannot digest insoluable carbohydrates

A geriatric dog should be fed a diet that is:

limited in phosphorous, contains digestible dietary fats

wound healing with no discernible scarring is:

First intention

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K.

Vaccine against which of the following pathogens is considered noncore?

a. canine distemper virus

b. Borrelia burgdorferi

c. canine parvo virus

d. rabies virus

b. Borrelia burgdorferi

How often should a pet’s diet be changed?

Only when necessary and after careful consideration of nutritional requirements.

Where should the feline panleukopenia vaccine be administered?

Subcutaneously in the left rear limb as distally as possible

A vaccine that consists of a weakened version of a pathogen, which will induce an immune response but is attenuated enough so that it will not cause disease, is known as which of the following?

Modified-live

What organization should test pet foods?

USDA

Which feeding tube allows liquids to be administered for an extended period of time?

Nasoesophageal tube

How much protein biologic value will be excreted?

5%

Do animal or plant-based proteins have higher biologic value?

Animal proteins have higher biologic value

What is a nutrient and what is included in the nutrient group?

Any substance ingested to support life. Includes protein, carbohydrates, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.

What are the energy-producing nutrients?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

What is the #1 source of energy for herbivorous animals?

Insoluble carbohydrates

What group of animals cannot digest insoluble carbohydrates?

Small mammals

What are soluble carbohydrates?

glucose(sugar) and starches

How are excess carbohydrates stored in the body?

As fat or glycogen

What does high fiber do in companion animals?

It’s less digestible, and produces more feces than lower fiber as it’s not being absorbed as well.

What are some functions of fats?

Supply essential fatty acids, facilitate digestion, acts as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), maintains skin and coat quality

What are the building blocks of protein?

32 different amino acids

Can essential amino acids be synthesized in the body or supplied in the diet?

Supplied in the diet, can NOT be made in the body.

In dogs and cats, what is the #1 source of energy and #1 source of food allergies?

Proteins

What is an essential amino acid for cats and not dogs?

Taurine

What are the non-energy-producing nutrients?

Water, vitamins, minerals

What is the most important nutrient?

Water

What does vitamin K do?

blood clotting

Which vitamin cannot be synthesized by humans and guinea pigs?

vitamin c

Is iron a macro or a micro mineral?

Micro

What is the difference between a micro and macro mineral?

100mg or more of daily intake is required for macro, 100mg or less is a macro

Where is iron primarily stored?

Liver, bone marrow, spleen

What is the daily energy requirement?

How many calories the animal needs and burns in a day

What stage of life has the greatest nutrient requirements for the animal?

Nursing females

How often should neonates be bottlefed?

Every 2-3 hours

What is colostrum?

A mother’s first milk that carries important antibodies and is the key nutritional factor for the neonate after birth.

What is the growth rate of puppies?

2-4 grams per day per kilogram of anticipated adult weight

The ingredients on an animal food label are listed in what order?

By weight

What vitamin and mineral is important for healthy skin?

Vitamin E and Zinc

What is the life expectancy of a small dog breed? (less than 20 lbs)

13-16 years

What is the life expectancy of a medium to large dog breed? (20-70 lbs)

10-13 years

What is the life expectancy of an XL dog breed? (70+ lbs)

7-10 years

What is the average life expectancy of a cat?

14 years

What is a COHAT?

Comprehensive Oral Health Assessment and Treatment?

How is passive immunity obtained?

Colostrum or immunity received from outside of the body like skin

How is active immunity obtained?

Developed over time or acquired from a vaccine

What is the killed vaccine type?

The pathogen has been killed but left in it’s whole form so the immune system will identify it

What is the modified live vaccine type?

A live pathogen has been rendered as ineffective

If a vaccine is warmed to room temperature, how soon should it be discarded of if not used?

1 hour

What is the stomach volume of dogs and cats?

20mL/kg

What is the term for allowing an animal to eat as much as they want?

ad libitum or free choice feeding

What are the feline core vaccines?

FVRCP and rabies

What are the canine core vaccines?

DHPP (DA2PP) and rabies

What is Negative Punishment?

taking away something good to decrease behavior

What is Positive punishment?

adding something to stop a behavior from happening

What is positive reinforcement?

adding something into the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior

What is negative reinforcement?

taking away something bad to increase a behavior

Diabetic animals should not eat:

Semi-moist food