Final Exam Equations

Phenotypic variance

o_BV + o_GCV + o_Et + o_Ep

Narrow sense heritability

o_BV/o_phenotype

Repeatability

(o_BV + o_GCV + o_Ep)/o_phenotype

Animal weight

average + BV + GCV + E_p + E_t

Additive genetic value

Same value as BV

Environmental value

Permanent + temporary environments

Animal offspring weight

Average + PTA

PTA

EBV/2

q

√q²

Frequency of recessive allele

q²

number of recessive individuals/total population

Frequency of homozygous recessive phenotype

p

1 - q

Frequency of dominant allele

p²

Frequency of homozygous dominant phenotype

2pq

Frequency of heterozygous phenotype

EBV

h² (selected - average)

EPD

Same value as PTA

Additive effect

Midpoint - homozygous recessive OR

Homozygous dominant - midpoint

Midpoint

(Homozygous dominant + homozygous recessive)/2

Dominance deviation

Heterozygous - midpoint

Allele substitution effect

𝜶 = a +d (q-p)

Homozygous dominant allele substitution

2q𝜶

Heterozygous allele substitution

(q-p)𝜶

Homozygous recessive allele subtitution

-2q𝜶

Genetic progress per generation

h² x selection differential

Selection differential

Selected - all

Average for next generation

Average + genetic progress per generation

Genetic progress per year

Genetic progress per generation/Generation interval

Selection intensity

Selection differential/Phenotypic standard deviation

Δ_BV (progress in one generation)

h² x i x σ_p

Δ_BV/Year (progress made per year)

r_BV,EBV x i x σ_BV / Generation Interval (L)

Correlated response

EBV x selection intensity (trait 1) x BV (trait 1 and trait 2) x genetic standard deviation/ Generation Interval

Back Cross and F₂ Generation

½ HV

Relationships

r_x,y = (1/2)ⁿ¹⁺ⁿ²

% inbreeding

F_x = (1/2)^t

HV

𝜇_F1 - (𝜇_Breed1 + 𝜇_Breed2)/2

%HV

HV/𝜇_parentlines

𝜇_parentlines

(𝜇_Breed1 + 𝜇_Breed2)/2

Gain pounds from hybrid vigor

%HV + 𝜇_parentlines

Cross of breeds to be how many pounds

HV + 𝜇_parentlines