cp. 3 Skin Structure and Growth

Arrector Pili Muscles

small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goosebumps

Barrier Function

complex of lipids that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation and guards against irritants penetrating the skin surface/and to help regulate the skin’s PH

Broad-spectrum sunscreen

sunscreen product that has been shown to protect from burning, skin cancer, and premature aging/ protects against both UVA and UVB radiation from the sun

Collagen

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein that gives the skin strength

Dermal Papillae

membranes of rides and grooves that attach to the epidermis

Dermatologist

Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails

Dermatology

Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment

Dermis

aka derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin

Elastin

Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue

Dermal-epidermal Junction

Top of the Papillary layer where it joins the epidermis

Epidermis

outermost and thinnest layer of skin, made up of 5 layers

5 layers of Epidermis

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum (CLGSG)

Eumelanin

Type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color

Hair Papillae

Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

Keratin

fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair and nails

Melanin

tiny grains of protein produced by melanocytes deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and papillary layers of the dermis

Melanocytes

cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin

Motor nerve fibers

fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

Papillary layer

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

Pheomelanin

Type of melanin that is red to yellow in color

Reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies skin with oxygen and nutrients

Sebaceous glands

aka oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum

Sebum

fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and reserves the softness of the hair

Secretory coil

coiled base of the sudoriferous(sweat) gland

Secretory never fibers

Regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin

Sensory nerve fibers

fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain

Stratum Corneum

aka horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis

Stratum germinativum

aka basal cell layer; deepest live layer of the epidermis that produces skin cells and is responsible for growth

Stratum granulosum

aka granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules

Stratum lucidum

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum

Stratum spinosum

aka spiny layer; layer of the eiderms just above the stratum germinativum(basal) layer

Subcutaneous layer

aka hypodermis or superficial fascia; consists of subcutaneous(fat) tissue located beneath the dermis

Subcutaneous tissue

aka adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin

Sudoriferous glands

aka sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Sweat glands

aka sudoriferous glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Tactile corpuscles

Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to tough and pressure