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Spatial Patterns
Describes where things are located on the Earth.
Absolute Distance
A measurable distance between two points in units such as inches, feet, miles, or kilometers.
Relative Distance
A measure of social, cultural, or political differences or similarities between two locations, which cannot be depicted on maps.
Absolute Direction
Indicates cardinal directions such as north, south, east, and west.
Relative Direction
Describes the location of one thing in relation to another.
Clustering
A spatial pattern that describes phenomena that are grouped together in a certain area.
Dispersion
A spatial pattern that describes how phenomena are spread out across an area.
Map Scale
Explains how distance on a map relates to distance in the real world.
Large Scale Map
A map that is zoomed in on a specific feature with larger details.
Small Scale Map
A map that is zoomed out to a national or global level with smaller details.
Reference Map
Displays specific geographic locations, such as road maps or political maps.
Thematic Map
Displays geographic information or phenomena spatially.
Choropleth Map
Visualizes data with different colors, often used in political elections.
Dot Distribution Map
Uses dots to visualize the location of certain data points.
Graduated Symbol Map
Uses symbols that are larger or smaller in proportion to the data they represent.
Isoline Map
Uses lines to depict data, showing rapid changes when lines are close together.
Cartogram
Distorts the size of geographic shapes to display differences in data, such as population.
Phenomena
Things that exist and can be studied, often referred to in geographic contexts.
Note 
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