AP World History Saq Revolutions Key Points

Causes of the North American Revolution

- British debt

- imposition of tariffs on colonies

- challenges to local autonomy

- ideas of enlightenment such as sovereignty, consent of the governed, and natural rights

Short-term outcomes of the American revolution

- American independence from the British

- political authority was still in the hands of the elites who led the revolution

- property requirements for voting were lowered and more white men of modest means were elected to state

- women and people of color were never granted rights

- slavery continued

Long-term outcomes of the American revolution

- U.S. became the most democratic country

- ideas of revolution and government were used by other nations such as Haiti and Vietnam

- U.S. became a leading world power, both economically and politically

Differences from other revolutions (North America)

- it was a decolonization struggle

Similarities to other revolutions (North America)

- enlightenment ideas provided motivation

- struggle of independence; similar to Haiti and Latin American rebellions

Causes of the Haitian Revolution

- Bad work conditions, Class imbalance, Creoles wanting more power

Short-term outcomes Haitian Revolution

- slave uprising of 1791 led to more than a decade of internal conflict and attacks doom abroad, but eventually became the first successful slave uprising in the world

Long-term Outcomes of the Haitian Revolution

- destruction of the plantation system

- enduring poverty due to French independence debt and American boycotts

- inspired slave rebellions elsewhere in order to account for loss of sugar

- resulted in more conservative independence movement in the rest of Latin America

Differences to other revolutions (Haiti)

- Haitian revolution was a complete political and societal overhaul because the overall structure of the country was remade

Similarities to other revolutions (Haiti)

- similar to American Revolution in that it overthrew a colonial ruler, but also similar to French due to class divisions

Causes of the French Revolution

- The economic and financial crisis that led to the calling of the Estates General.

- The political incompetence of Louis XV and XVI.

- The unfair taxation between the three estates

Short-term outcomes of the French Revolution

- overthrow (and execute) the monarchy

- establishment of a republic

- abolition of Catholic Church as a state religion

- more land available to peasants

- universal male suffrage (right to vote)

- temporary abolition of slavery within the empire

- radicalization and the reign of terror

- the rise of Napoleon

Long-term outcomes of the French Revolution

- Napoleon reversed the relationship with the church and suppressed the revolution's more democratic elements

- Napoleon created a military dictatorship through upheld social equality for men

- end of Napoleon led to temporary return of monarchy

Differences to other revolutions (France)

- caused by class difference while American rev.

- resulted in a lot more violence

- unlike other revolutions, it placed women rights on the table as a subject of concern, but didn't change anything

- ideas of French Revolution spread all across Europe

Similarities to other revolutions (France)

- inspired by enlightenment ideas

Causes of the Spanish American Revolution

- new taxes placed upon residents of (New Spain)

- familiar with enlightenment ideas, but they didn't encourage revolt

- the creoles were trying to control under classes to prevent violence by promising societal equality

Short-term effects of the Spanish-American Revolution

- independent South American Nations led by white minorities

Long-term effects of the Spanish-American Revolution

- Latin America reversed its revered status to become increasingly impoverished, under developed, and undemocratic

Differences to other revolutions (Spanish-America)

- less influenced immediately by enlightenment ideas

- occurred almost 50 years later

- inability of uniting Latin American colonies, into one united republic post-independence

Similar to other Revolutions (Spanish-America)

- similar to American Revolution; taxes imposed on elite in New Spain by Spanish imperial crown

- similar to French and American revolutions, societal distinctions were maintained after the revolution

- similar to all others; women saw for gains