Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th edition--- Chapter 2--- human body in health and disease

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

anter/o

before, front

exo-

outside of

caud/o

tail, lower part

cephal/o

head, higher part

-ology

study of

path/o, -pathy

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

-plasia

formulation

poster/o

after, behind

stasis

control, maintenance of a constant level

static

control, maintenance of a constant level

abdominal cavity

contains the major organs of digestion

Adenocacinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah)

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

adenoma (ad-eh-NOH-mah)

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

anaplsia (an-ah-PLAY-zee-ah)

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

anatomy

study of the structures of the body

anomaly

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

anterior

situated in the front

aplasia

the defective development or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

atresia (ah-Tree-zee-ah)

the congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

autopsy

conducted to determine the cause of death

bloodborne transmission

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids

caudal (kaw-dal)

toward the lower part of the body

cephalic (seh-Fal-ick)

toward the head

chromosome

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

communicable disease

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated

congenital disorder

an abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth

cytoplasm

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

distal

situated farthest from the midline

dorsal

refers to the back of the body

dysplasia

the abnormal development or growth of cells or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue

endemic

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

endocrine glands

which produce hormones, do not ducts

epidemic

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

epigastric region

located above the stomach

etiology

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal condition

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

functional disorder

produces physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified

genetic disorder

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

geriatrician

someone who works on the medical problems and care of older people

hemophilia

hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

histology

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

hyperplasia

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

hypertrophy

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number

hypogastric region

inferior to the umbilical region

hypoplasia

the underdevlopment of an organ or tissue, due to a deficiency in the number of cells

iatrogenic illness

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disease

any disease without a known cause

infectious disease

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

inguinal

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

medial

the direction toward or closer to the midline

mesentery

a fused double layer of the partial periotoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

midsagittal plane

midline, the plane that divides the body into two equal left and right pieces

nosocomial infection

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinic setting

pandemic

refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly, worldwide

pathology

the study of disease: its nature and cause as well as the produced changes in structure and function

atresia

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

pelvic cavity

space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory system

peritoneum

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

physiology

The study of body function

posterior

situated to the back

proximal

nearest to the midline

retroperitoneal

located behind the peritoneum

stem cells

unspecialized cells that can be renewed into a specialized cell

thoracic cavity

chest cavity, surrounds and protects the lungs and heart

transverse plane

horizontal plane of body

umbilicus

belly button or naval, pit in the center of abdominal wall

vector-borne transmission

spread of certain disease through blood sucking vectors

ventral

refers to the front of the body

-ologist

specialist of

cyt/o

cell

hist/o

tissue