Nucleic Acids

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17 Terms

1
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nucleic acids

  • long linear polymers constructed from 4 types of monomers

  • ex. DNA + RNA

2
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what does each monomer contain?

sugar, phosphate, and base

3
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what is attached to the 5’ end of a chain?

phosphate group

4
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what is attached to the 3’ end of a chain?

hydroxyl (OH) group

5
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what direction are chains synthesized in?

5’—>3’

6
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what is the function of DNA?

storage of all genetic info and passage of this info to offspring

7
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DNA vs RNA

  • DNA: 2’ H, contains A, T, C, G bases

  • RNA: 2’ OH, contains A, U, C, G bases

8
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is DNA or RNA less stable and why?

RNA because of the OH group which makes it more reactive

9
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nucleoside

base bound to a sugar

10
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nucleotide

nucleoside with one or more phosphoryl groups attached

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DNA structure

  • double helix

  • 2 chains with opposite directionality

  • sugar-phosphate backbone on outside of helix and bases on inside

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DNA base pairing

  • A + T

  • G + C

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what type of bonds do base pairs form with each other?

hydrogen bonds

14
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is GC base pairing or AT base pairing more stable?

GC base pairing because there are 3 H-bonds whereas AT base pairing has 2 H-bonds

15
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melting temperature (Tm)

temp at which half of the DNA molecules are denatured and half are still together

16
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what functions does DNA double helix structure allow?

  • copy information

  • repairs in case of damage

  • sequence of one strand determines sequence of partner strand

  • strands can be separated and sequences can be synthesized to generate two identical daughter molecules

17
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what is the function of major and minor grooves in DNA?

help proteins access base pairs in DNA without unwinding double helix