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nucleic acids
long linear polymers constructed from 4 types of monomers
ex. DNA + RNA
what does each monomer contain?
sugar, phosphate, and base
what is attached to the 5’ end of a chain?
phosphate group
what is attached to the 3’ end of a chain?
hydroxyl (OH) group
what direction are chains synthesized in?
5’—>3’
what is the function of DNA?
storage of all genetic info and passage of this info to offspring
DNA vs RNA
DNA: 2’ H, contains A, T, C, G bases
RNA: 2’ OH, contains A, U, C, G bases
is DNA or RNA less stable and why?
RNA because of the OH group which makes it more reactive
nucleoside
base bound to a sugar
nucleotide
nucleoside with one or more phosphoryl groups attached
DNA structure
double helix
2 chains with opposite directionality
sugar-phosphate backbone on outside of helix and bases on inside
DNA base pairing
A + T
G + C
what type of bonds do base pairs form with each other?
hydrogen bonds
is GC base pairing or AT base pairing more stable?
GC base pairing because there are 3 H-bonds whereas AT base pairing has 2 H-bonds
melting temperature (Tm)
temp at which half of the DNA molecules are denatured and half are still together
what functions does DNA double helix structure allow?
copy information
repairs in case of damage
sequence of one strand determines sequence of partner strand
strands can be separated and sequences can be synthesized to generate two identical daughter molecules
what is the function of major and minor grooves in DNA?
help proteins access base pairs in DNA without unwinding double helix