learning (T5)

Extinction

________ is produced by withholding reinforcement.

ratio

Fixed ________: reinforcement after a specific number of desired responses.

Behavior

________ is controlled by the stimuli that precede the response (by the CS and the UCS)

Variable ratio

________: reinforcement delivered after some number of responses, but amount is not specific.

Extrinsic motivation

________: based on external rewards.

Expectancy

________: adds cognitive part to classical conditioning.

Negative reinforcement

________: An event or thing that, when removed after a response, makes it more likely the response will be repeated, positive stimulus is removed.

Variable interval

________: reinforcement delivered after some period of time, but that interval.

Ratio Schedule

A Fixed ________ (FR): The consequence is delivered after a specific and predictable number of responses.

same passage of time

Fixed interval: reinforcement delivered based on the ________.

Negative punishment

________: A desirable event that is removed after a response, making it less likely the response will be repeated; sometimes called omission training.

Intrinsic motivation

________: a natural desire.

Interval Schedule

A Fixed ________ (FI): The consequence reinforces a particular response after a specific amount of time has passed.

Positive punishment

________: An undesirable event that is presented after a response that makes it less likely the response will be repeated; sometimes simply called punishment.

Variable Interval Schedule

A(n) ________ (VI): The consequence reinforces a particular response after a changing and unpredictable amount of time has passed.

Extinction

________ is produced by withholding the UCS.

Behavior

________ is controlled by consequences (rewards, punishments) that follow the response.

ex

can → ran, man…

example

you were bit by a dog as a child

UCS

bite

UCR

fear

CS

dog

CR

fear

john b. watson

father of behaviorism

expectancy

adds cognitive part to classical conditioning

rescorla & wagner

revised pavlonian theory

ex

Pavlov's dog learns the difference between the sound of the 2 bells and no longer salivates at the sound of the non-food bell

edward thorndike

did experiment with cats in boxes

ex

offering money for a task

ex

taking asprin to relieve a headache

ex

you go to nurse to avoid taking a test

Positive reinforcement

An event or thing that is presented after a response that makes it more likely that the response will be repeated

Negative reinforcement

An event or thing that, when removed after a response, makes it more likely the response will be repeated, positive stimulus is removed

Positive punishment

An undesirable event that is presented after a response that makes it less likely the response will be repeated; sometimes simply called punishment

Negative punishment

A desirable event that is removed after a response, making it less likely the response will be repeated; sometimes called omission training

shaping

one behavior *single behavior

chaining

making a chain of behaviors *multiple behaviors

useful when learning new behavior

but unhelpful in the end

fixed ratio

reinforcement after a specific number of desired responses

ex

free coffee after 5 hole punches

variable ratio

reinforcement delivered after some number of responses, but amount is not specific

ex

slot machines

fixed interval

reinforcement delivered based on the same passage of time

variable interval

reinforcement delivered after some period of time, but that interval

ex

your waiting for a college acceptance email, you check your email a lot, hoping it will be there, even though that has no effect on when the mail will come

intrinsic motivation

a natural desire

ex

wanting to learn bc u like school

extrinsic motivation

based on external rewards

ex

money

A Fixed Ratio Schedule (FR)

The consequence is delivered after a specific and predictable number of responses

A Variable Ratio Schedule (VR)

The consequence is delivered after a changing and unpredictable amount of responses

A Fixed Interval Schedule (FI)

The consequence reinforces a particular response after a specific amount of time has passed

A Variable Interval Schedule (VI)

The consequence reinforces a particular response after a changing and unpredictable amount of time has passed

A Continuous Schedule (C)

Rewards the response every time

Learner is passive (acts reflexively)

Responses are involuntary

Learner is active

Responses are voluntary