BIOL 101 – Concepts in Biology (Lecture Notes)
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Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts from BIOL 101 lecture notes, including the nature of biology, life, and the hierarchical organization of living systems.
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21 Terms
Biology
The science that studies life and living organisms; it unifies natural science and examines how life is constrained by chemistry and physics.
Life
The characteristics and processes that define living systems, including cellular organization, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, energy use, homeostasis, and evolution.
Cellular organization
Living systems are organized at the cellular level; cells are the basic units of life.
Ordered complexity
Living systems exhibit a highly organized and intricate structure.
Sensitivity to environment
Organisms respond to environmental stimuli and changes.
Growth, development, and reproduction
Processes by which organisms grow, mature, and produce offspring.
Energy utilization
The use of energy to power cellular and organismal processes.
Homeostasis
Maintenance of stable internal conditions in the face of external changes.
Evolutionary adaptation
Genetic changes in populations over generations that improve survival and reproduction in a given environment.
Cell Theory
The idea that the cell is the basic unit of life; all organisms are made of cells and new cells arise from existing cells.
Hierarchical organization
Living systems are organized into levels from atoms to organisms, with cells as fundamental units.
Atoms
The smallest unit of matter that defines an element and bonds to form molecules.
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together.
Macromolecule
Large biological molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids) built from smaller units.
Organelle
A membrane-bound structure inside a cell that carries out a specific function.
Cell
The basic unit of life; the smallest unit capable of carrying out all life processes.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a common function.
Organ
A structure composed of multiple tissues that performs a specific function.
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform major bodily functions.
Organism
An individual living thing that functions as a unified whole.
Interdisciplinary science
Science that integrates methods and insights from multiple disciplines to study life.