Bio 210 Exam 3 (Chapter 38: Plant Reproduction and Development)

meiosis

sexual reproduction

fertilization

results in the formation of a zygote

sperm

male reproductive cells

eggs

female reproductive cells

spore

result of meiosis

sporophyte

2n generation of alternation of generations; diploid phase; MEIOSIS

sporangia

reproductive structures that store spores

asexual reproduction

results in production of genetically identical copies of the parent plant

clones

genetically identical offspring

rhizomes

underground horizontal stems from which roots and shoots emerge

stolons

similar to rhizomes but are aboveground

plantlets

form from meristematic tissue located along the margins of their leaves and drop to form a new plant

floral meristem

apical meristem becomes this and is now able to produce modified leaves that form flowers

receptacle

compressed part of stem containing sepals, petals, carpels, and stamens

sepals

leaf-like structures that make up the outermost part of the flower

petals

arranged around the receptacle and typically are brightly colored and advertise the flower to the pollinators

corolla

group of petals in a flower

tepals

when the sepals and petals are indistinguishable 

nectary

gland present in some flowers that produces nectar and is harvested by animals

stamen

produce pollen (male gametophyte) which thenproduces sperm

filament

a stalk contained within the stamen

anthers

pollen-producing organs within the stamen

carpels

produce ovules (female gametophytes) which produce eggs

stigma

moist tip that receives pollen that is within the carpal

style

slender stalk within the carpal

ovary

at the base of the carpal; where female gametophytes are produced in ovules

monoecious

separate stamen and carpal; producing flowers on the same individual (ex:corn)

dioecious

either stamen or carpal producing flowers on different plants (ex:oak tree)

sporopollenin

tough coat of pollen grain

pollination

transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

pollination syndrome

relationship between pollinator and flower

seed coat

surrounds the ovule which contains the embryo and endosperm