cold war

policies after ww2

containment policy, Truman doctrine, marshall plan

containmnet policy

ussr creates COMMUNIST governments in Nazi east europe, so TRUMAN makes containment policy

what was the containment policy

procedures to prevent expansion of communist rule in other countries

leads to divide of europe into east and west

during the containment policy what was west and east europe?

east was COMMUNISM

west  was DEMOCRACY

who coined iron curtain

winston churchill

truman doctrine

us stopping USSR from spreading communism to Greece and turkey

truman asks Congress for $400 mil and aid to those countries

importance:

keeps Greece and turkey from jining USSR

becomes part of us policy to contain communism

Marshall Plan

West Europe nations are destroyed…so US creates a plan to provide aid to western Europe (roads, factories, money)

importance: 

countries prosper and become allies to trade

communist China

china under nationalist Chiang Kai-shek, but oh NOOOOO Mao Zedong wants to rule to be a communist county!

What starts civil war in China between the nationalists and communists?

Zedong wants to dethrone Chiang, and in 1949, communists take it over as the nationalists flee to TAIWAN 

imporatnce of the issues in China between Chiang and Zedong

us only recognizes Taiwan as a Chinese government

americans fear communism will spread everywhere

korean war

ussr - controls land 38th North of Korean parallel

US - controls south + makes it democratic 

Korean war in 1950:  (thank u truman❤)

us troops leave sk and USSR supplies nk with bombs and stuff to take sk over

nk surprises sk with a silly attack❤but u.s soldiers come back and pushes them back cus who are they feeling like???????????

china in the Korean war

communist China starts to fight us after us closein on Chinese border and Korean war ends in 1953 + peace agreement

2nd red scare

ty mccarthy wow❤, because of the increasing fear of communism, the US created agencies to investiagte American loyalty to Democray

joseph mccarthy

ANTI communist activist

accused random ahh people of being a communist (army officials of communism)

• that lead to televised senate investigation 

cuban revolution

jfk is in office as Fidel Castro leads cuban revolution

CASTRO LOVES USSR AND A COMMUNIST..but the u.s is only 90 miles away

communism in Cuban revolution

we fear of the spread of communism in the western hemisphere, and Castro seizes businesses in Cuba that are from the us, and even the US starts a trade barrier against Cuba 

• leads to bay of pigs and Cuban missile crisis

bay of pigs

us trains cuban-americans to invade Cuba to overthrow castro

• 1500 Cubans land in bay of pigs (south coast of Cuba)

and we lost! we made USSR even closer w Cuba tbh

cuban missile crisis

ussr: here’s some missiles ily Cuba!

jfk: fuh nah what??

US planes slime out USSR and finds where the missles are

jfk: okay America! this is what they are planning! we will break up Cuba from this doomed toxic communist🥺🥺

after jfk finds out an the missles:

he knows an attack = nuclear war with USSR, sooooooo….US Navy places blockade around Cuba to prevent more missles from ussr, 

USSR boats stop before blockade and finally, USSR promises to remove Cuban missiles as long as the US does not invade cuba

vietnam war

after Korean war, the US is scared of communism spreading everywhere (domino theory)

domino theory

se Asia is on the brink on communism and if one country falls, all the se countries will fall…which is why the US gets involved with vietnam

vietcong (north Vietnam supports btw)

guerilla army in south vietnam that wants communism

what does Lyndon b Johnson want in Vietnam war?

to ask Congress for permission to start Vietnam war.. and Congress issues the gulf of Tonkin resolution 

gulf of Tonkin resolution 

gives President ability to conduct militray operations in se Asia without declaring war (theywere not prepared of how jungly viet is)

even with MASSIVE loses, vietcong

..never stops fighting

tet offensive

vietcony surprise attack 100 south viet cities and 12 US air bases

• takes us 1 month to regain control of s vietnam

jan 30: Vietnam’s new year

TET

importance of tet offensive

• news starts to criticize wars

• americans do nawt like war and don’t wanna fight

• presisdent Johnson does not wanna run for a 2nd presidential term…and Richard Nixon is elected

war powers act

golf of Tonkin gave President too much power during viet war..so after the viet war congressd passed the wars power act

what was the wars power act good for?

it required congress to approve troop commitments within a timeframe

IMPORTANT BECAUSE…it redistributed power to conduct military operations between president and congress

gi bill

ease veterans when returning to reg life.

2 parts:

• us pays college tuitions 

• fed loans for buying houses or businesses 

baby boom (1940s-1960s)

us birthrate soars as troops came back so it is the largest gen

national interstate and defense highways act (Eisenhower)

create a system of highways for transportation of troops and supplies 

importance of highways act (Eisenhower)

• unifies nation

• allows for movement of military in case of USSR attack 

• use for mass evacuation in cities in case of nuclear attack

• growth of suburbs 

space race

1957: USSR launches sputnik 1 as the first successful space satellite and shocks the US. the US races to catch up —> eisenhower puts money into space programs and leads to NASA 

importance of space race

1. us increases funding for math+sci education 

2. engineers and scientists develop new tech (internet)

3. US and USSR completion leads to more nuclear weapons, better missles and space race to moon

moon landing

nasa sent man to moon and man places flag on moon which symbolizes race w soviets

tv leads to..

mass transportation of cultural views

creation of on the screen news reports

WHICH changes Americans’ views on elections, movements, and viet wae

1960 debate (Nixon vs jfk)

first televised debate, jfk is fine and confident and Nixon is NOT. jfk wins and tv takes over as a medium of politics 

brown v board of education

south has segreagated school, and Brown is upset his daughter had to take a long trip to the colored school

IMPORTANCE:

• bans segregation in schools

• helps end jim crow laws

• strengthens 14th amendment

• south states slowly start to integrate

after Rosa park is arrested..

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) suggests boy boycott and mlk leads 

South Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

created by mlk and other leaders to train leaders to carry nonviolent crusades against racial inequalities 

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

confrontational strategies to change civil rights; uses SIT-INS to end segregations

the sit in lunch was reported on media and ppl at home see how the SNCC members were beat and they didn’t fight back—> helps civil rights movement and uses freedom rides to desegregate travel

letter from Birmingham jail

mlk and SNCC tried to segregate city and the letter he wrote in jail stated that people have moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws

I have a dream speech

1963:

jfk: hey Congress, can you pass the civil rights bill?

phillip Randolph, MLK, and SCLC March on Washington DC to convince Congress 

—> he gives speech and Congress makes civil rights act of 1964

civil rights act of 1964

prohibits discrimination because of race, religion

• ends segregation in all public places

• signed by Lyndon b Johnson (became pres after jfk was assassinated)

voting rights act of 1965

1. eliminates literacy tests for voting 

2. us gov could enroll voters who were denied suffrage locally —> triples amount of voters in south 

assassination of mlk

assassinated in Memphis teneness by James earl ray and his death led to the worst urban riots in history

civil rights movement

1. bans segreagtion + discrimination

2. increases AA in college

3. growth of AA pride and identity