Anatomy Chapter 3 Test Bullet Points

4 main types of body tissues and functions

Epithelium - protects underlying tissues, covering

Connective - connects and binds other tissues together, support

Nervous - processes information, transmits signals throughtout the body, control

Muscle - body movement

all categories under each type, functions, locations

on google slides

apical surface vs basement membrane

apical surface- top, exposed side of an epithelial cell

basement membrane - the bottom, supportive extracellular layer that attatches the cell to underlying tissue

simple vs stratified/squamous vs cuboidal vs columnar vs pseudostratified

Tissue Type	Appearance	Core Functions	Common Locations
Simple Squamous	Single layer of flat pancakes	Rapid diffusion, filtration	Air sacs of lungs (alveoli), blood vessel linings
Simple Cuboidal	Single layer of neat squares	Secretion, absorption	Kidney tubules, surface of ovaries, small glands
Simple Columnar	Single layer of tall columns	Absorption, mucus secretion	Digestive tract (stomach & intestines)
Pseudostratified (Columnar)	Jumbled, staggered columns	Secretion, moving mucus with cilia	Upper respiratory tract (trachea)
Stratified Squamous	Multi-layered, flat on top	Protection from abrasion/infection	Outer skin (epidermis), mouth, esophagus
Stratified Cuboidal	Multi-layered squares (rare)	Protection, duct lining	Sweat glands, salivary glands
Stratified Columnar	Multi-layered columns (rare)	Protection, secretion	Conjunctiva of the eye, parts of male urethra

all locations and functions of tissues and which of the 4 categories it falls under

1. Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue forms tightly packed cells. It covers body surfaces, lines internal cavities and organs, and forms glands.

• Locations: Outer layer of skin (epidermis), lining of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, blood vessels, and urinary bladder.

• Functions: Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, and filtration.

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2. Connective Tissue

Connective tissue consists of cells scattered within a non-living extracellular matrix of fibers and ground substance. It is the most abundant tissue type in the body.

• Locations: Bones, tendons, ligaments, fat (adipose tissue), cartilage, and blood.

• Functions: Connecting and binding other tissues, structural support, protection, energy storage, and transport of substances (like oxygen in the blood).

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3. Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue is made of hyper cells that can contract to generate force and produce movement.

• Locations:

  • Skeletal muscle: Attached to bones.

  • Cardiac muscle: Walls of the heart.

  • Smooth muscle: Walls of hollow internal organs like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.

• Functions: Body movement, pumping blood through the heart, and moving food and waste through the digestive tract.

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4. Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is composed of neurons that transmit electrical impulses and supporting glial cells.

• Locations: Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

• Functions: Receiving stimuli, processing information, and sending rapid electrochemical signals to coordinate body activities.