Ch. 2: Cells & Organelles

integral, peripheral

the two types of membrane proteins are ____ & _____

4

there are (#) components of a cell membrane

integral

____ membrane proteins are embedded in the membrane

integral

transport & globular proteins are examples of ____ membrane proteins

peripheral

_____ membrane proteins are found on the surface of the membrane (both intra & extracell)

cholesterol

the cell membrane is made up of the phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, carbs, and ______

carbs

the cell membrane is made up of the phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, ____, and cholesterol

phospholipid bilayer

the cell membrane is made up of the ____ _____ membrane proteins, carbs, and cholesterol

membrane proteins

the cell membrane is made up of the phospholipid bilayer, ____ _____, carbs, and cholesterol

carbs

attach to proteins and lipids on the extracellular surface

euks

cholesterol is only found in (euks/proks)

lipid

steroid is a (carb/lipid/protein)

cholesterol

steroid that stabilizes membrane fluidity

peripheral

____ membrane proteins can be receptors or enzymes, aid in recognition or adhesion, & are mostly hydrophilic

adhesion

when membrane proteins attach cells to other cells or the ECM & anchor the cytoskeleton

cytoskeleton

in adhesion, membrane proteins anchor the ______

integral

____ membrane proteins are amphipathic and aid in signaling & transport

carb

glycoproteins have ____ chains

recognition

glycoproteins are used for cell _______

glyco

_____proteins are used for cell recognition in membrane proteins

receptors

membrane proteins also function as ____, which transmit signals into the cell

agonists

bind to receptors & activate a biological response

antagonists

bind to receptors & prevent other molecules from binding

fluid

____ describes free movement

mosaic

_____ describes many different structures in the membrane

cholesterol

prevents the effects of extreme temps on membrane fluidity

unsaturated

cells can change its amount of _______ fatty acids in extreme temps to change membrane fluidity

simple diffusion

the transport of small/ uncharged molecules that does not require energy

lipid

simple diffusion is the transport of small, uncharged molecules or _____ soluble molecules

simple diffusion

O2, CO2, & H2O can be transported by _______

with

simple diffusion goes (with/against) the flow of the concentration gradient

simple diffusion

steroids can be transported by _______

facilitated transport

the transport of large/ charged molecules and requires no energy

facilitated transport

type of transport that uses channel proteins

channel proteins

facilitated transport uses _____ _____ to transport large/ charged molcs

with

facilitated transport goes (with/against) the flow of the concentration gradient

aquaporin

the channel protein used by water in facilitated transport

facilitated transport

glucose and sucrose can be transported by _______

facilitated transport

ions can be transported by _______

active transport

type of transport that requires energy

against

active transport goes (with/against) the flow of the concentration gradient

primary

____ active transport uses ATP to pump molecules through transport proteins

secondary

____ active transport uses energy from another molecule

carrier

____ proteins are a type of transport protein that binds to specific molecules and can change shape to allow molecules to pass thru

hydrolysis

ATP ______ is used in primary active transport

releases

ATP hydrolysis (uses/releases) energy

P, ADP

ATP hydrolysis breaks ATP down into ___ & ___

NaK

an example of active transport is the ___ pump

potential

the Na-K pump maintains membrane _____

secondary

____ active transport is when a molecule catches a ride from another

cotransporter

carrier protein that can transport 2 substances at a time

secondary

cotransporters are used in _____ active transport

directly

primary active transport requires energy (directly/indirectly)

indirectly

secondary active transport requires energy (directly/indirectly)

endocytosis

when the membrane internalizes extracell substances

phagocytosis

cell’s version of eating

pinocytosis

cell’s version of drinking

receptor

____ mediated endocytosis occurs when dissolved molecules bind to peripheral proteins

clathrin

____ mediated endocytosis is a type of receptor mediated endocytosis that uses this protein to make a coated, round vesicle

exocytosis

when internal substances are released into the ECM

organelles

membrane bound structures with specialized jobs

euks

organelles are only found in (euks/proks)

cytosol

aqueous intercell fluid

cytoplasm

gelatinous intracell material composed of all structures within the cell membrane

cytoplasm

site of DNA translation

nucleus

protects and stores genetic material

nucleus

site of DNA replication

replication

the nucleus is the site of DNA ______

translation

the cytoplasm is the site of DNA _____

euks

nuclei are only found in (euks/proks)

nucleolus

the prok version of a nucleus to store DNA (not membrane bound)

4

there are (#) components of the nucleus

nucleoplasm

the nucleus is made up of the _____, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, & the nucleolus

envelope

the nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear _____, nuclear pores, & the nucleolus

pores

the nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, nuclear ____, & the nucleolus

nucleolus

the nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, & the _____

nucleoplasm

component of nucleus that stores genetic info

envelope

component of nucleus that maintains structure and helps with communication

pores

component of nucleus that helps with transport

nucleolus

component of nucleus that produces ribosome components & rRNA

envelope

double membrane structure that encapsulates the nucleus

pores

transport channels in nuclear envelopes

ribosomes

produce proteins from translation

translation

mRNA → amino acids —> proteins

ribosomal

_____ subunits are made of rRNA & this type of proteins

60

__s is the larger eukaryotic ribosomal subunit

40

__s is the smaller eukaryotic ribosomal subunit

50

__s is the larger prokaryotic ribosomal subunit

30

__s is the smaller prokaryotic ribosomal subunit

80

__s is the full eukaryotic ribosome

70

__s is the full prokaryotic ribosome

nucleoplasm

the eukaryotic subunits (60s+40s) assemble in the ______

cytosol

the full eukaryotic ribosome (80s) assembles in the ______

cytosol

the prokaryotic subunits (50s + 30s) and the full ribosome (70s) assemble in the ____

euk

the (euk/prok) ribosomal subunits are 60s and 40s

prok

the (euk/prok) ribosomal subunits are 50s and 30s

euk

the (euk/prok) full ribosome is 80s

prok

the (euk/prok) full ribosome is 70s

free floating

____ _____ ribosomes produce proteins with intracell function

rough ER

produces proteins with extracell or membrane function