African American History Lecture Notes

Flashcards based on lecture notes about African-American history, focusing on key concepts and facts for exam preparation.

- The movement of a population of people from their original homeland.

Diaspora

- A person dedicated to the study of the evolution and remains of prehistoric humans and associated artifacts.

Paleoanthropologist

- Family containing modern humanity, its predecessors and some great apes.

hominids

- Earliest creature designated with the homo (human) lineage.

homo habilis

- Spread farther from Africa, reaching eastern Asia and Indonesia.

homo erectus

- Modern humans evolved throughout Africa, Asia and Europe.

multi-regional model

- Modern humans emerged in Africa some 200,000 years ago and began migrating to the rest of the world about 100,000 years ago.

out of africa model

- Earliest known hominids who walked upright, but contained many apelike characteristics.

australopithecines

- Regard ancient Egypt as an essentially black civilization.

aftocentrists

- Believe modern racial categories have no relevance to the world of the ancient Egyptians.

traditionalists

Ancient Egyptians with to measure time.

They combined mathematics with astronomy to measure time, creating a solar calendar (first dating system with 365 days in a year) and counted 24 hours within a day.

Two inventions from Egypt used today are in and.

Innovations in mathematics (measurements in particular) and written language.

developed a writing system now known as Cuneiform.

Also developed writing system now known as Cuneiform which would be adapted to over a dozen different ancient languages.

divided the week into seven days and created 12 periods (months) based on their Gods that the Greeks adapted into astrology.

They Divided the week into seven days (named each day after their seven gods embodied by the seven visible planets). Also created 12 periods (months) based on their Gods that the Greeks adapted into astrology. Also considered 60 seconds for minutes and 60 minutes for an hour.

The three great western Sudanese empires were , and

Ancient Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

The allowed the Egyptians to cultivate wheat and barley and herd goats, sheep, pigs and cattle.

The Nile River allowed the Egyptians to cultivate wheat and barley and herd goats, sheep, pigs, and cattle.

- Located in what is today's Ethiopia.

Located in what is today’s Ethiopia and was deeply influenced by Christianity

Means where the emperor resides in Mende, the language of the Madinka.

Means where the emperor resides in Mende, the language of the Madinka.

Seceded from Mali and Sunni Ali built the last and largest of the Sudanese empires.

They Seceded from Mali and Sunni Ali built the last and largest of the Sudanese empires.

The people shared common history and spoke closely related languages.

Shared common history and spoke closely related languages but were not politically unified

The export of human cargo from Africa for more than three centuries.

Lasted for more than three centuries and brought millions of Africans three thousands miles across the Atlantic Ocean

merchants gained permission from the Oba (king) of Benin to trade for slaves, gold, and ivory.

Portuguese merchants gained permission from the Oba (king) of Benin to trade for slaves, gold, and ivory within the borders of the Oba’s kingdom.

As early as 1502, African slaves lived on the island of Hispaniola and as a result, the .

The slave trade grew to meet those demands.

Efforts to mitigate ____ and to prevent __ excesses that slavery encouraged among masters

The most brutal excesses that slavery encouraged among masters but also to mitigate Black rebellion

The criterion to assess successful seasoning in slaves in America indicated that masters believed these people

Had to speak a creole dialect to obey commands and ceased to be suicidal, planters believed they accepted their status and separation from homeland.

Asiento: a

A contract

Slave Ships were called _ and had high mortality rates due to_.

Called Slavers with high mortality rates due to overcrowding.

was the captain of a slave ship who later repented for his sins and wrote .

John Newton repented his involvement in the slave trade and became one its leading opponents and wrote "Amazing Grace" as a reflection on divine forgiveness for his sins.

colonial economy rested on the forced labor of the population and increased the workload of enslaved.

The Spanish colonial economy rested on the forced labor of the Indian population and increased the workload of enslaved Africans.

The reliance of Chesapeake(Virginia and Maryland) planters on slavery to meet their labor needs .

Was the result of racial prejudice, the declining availability of white indentured servants, the increasing availability of Africans, and the fear of white class conflict.

Rice not tobacco became the staple crop

South Carolina and Georgia's dependence on coastal plantations to harvest rice

Escaped slaves who were looking to avoid punishment .

Established their own settlements in inaccessible regions and were known as maroons

Once the captives reached the coast .

Those destined for the Atlantic trade went to fortified structures called factories.

Emancipation Proclamation’s Effects was Destroying any chance for ____ or ______ to support the Confederate government.

Destroyed any chance that Great Britain or France would offer diplomatic recognition to the Confederate government and undermined slavery and contributed to the defeat of the Confederates

Freedmen’s Bureau was tasked with helping newly freed slaves

Settle legal and criminal disputes involving white/black, help obtain land, and negotiate labor contracts with white planters

Radical Republicans were and

Were considered more militant Republicans and determined to include black people in the political and economic