AP Gov Unit 2 Terms

What does Federalist 70 advocate for regarding the executive branch?

It advocates for a strong, energetic executive.

According to Federalist 70, why is a single president more effective than a plural executive?

A single president can act swiftly and efficiently, which is necessary in times of national crisis.

What key function does Federalist 78 emphasize about the judiciary?

It focuses on the judiciary's independence and the importance of life tenure for judges.

What does the judiciary have according to Federalist 78 to ensure laws are consistent with the Constitution?

Courts should have the power of judicial review.

List one formal role of the President.

Chief Executive: Enforces laws, executive orders, and manages the federal bureaucracy.

What is one of the constitutional requirements for the President?

Must be a natural-born citizen of the United States.

What distinguishes formal powers from informal powers of the President?

Formal powers are defined by the Constitution, while informal powers are not explicitly stated but inferred.

What is the difference between executive orders and executive agreements?

Executive orders are directives issued by the president with the force of law, while executive agreements are international agreements made without Senate approval.

What can Congress do to check the executive?

Congress can impeach, override vetoes, and exercise budget control.

What initiates the impeachment process for the President?

It is initiated in the House of Representatives by a majority vote.

How does the media influence the relationship between the President and public opinion?

The media plays a key role in shaping public perceptions of the president.

What is one way presidential power has shifted over time?

Presidential power has expanded particularly in foreign policy and national security.

What occurs during primaries and caucuses in the presidential nomination process?

Voters select their preferred candidates for the general election.

How many electoral votes are needed to win the presidency?

A candidate needs a majority of electoral votes, which is 270 out of 538.

What is the function of the bureaucracy?

It implements and enforces federal laws and provides expertise and continuity in policy-making.

What does discretionary authority allow bureaucrats to do?

It allows them to make choices regarding the best way to implement laws.

What is the role of Congress in overseeing the executive branch?

Congress conducts oversight through hearings and investigations.

Define the concept of iron triangles.

The relationship between Congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that work together to shape policy.

What are the three levels of federal court set-up?

District Courts, Circuit Courts, and the Supreme Court.

What role does ideology play in the Supreme Court?

Ideology influences judicial decisions, affecting how justices interpret the Constitution.

What is judicial activism?

Judges interpret the Constitution in a way that reflects modern values and may involve striking down laws or executive actions.

What does the principle of stare decisis mean?

It means courts generally follow precedents set by previous decisions.