Christian Heritage 7-11
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/81
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
82 Terms
Who defended Nicene orthodoxy most vigorously after the Council of Nicaea?
Athanasius of Alexandria.
What work is Athanasius best known for?
On the Incarnation.
Why did Athanasius argue Christ must be fully God?
Only God can truly save humanity.
What famous phrase summarizes Athanasius' theology of salvation?
"God became man so that man might become god."
What doctrine did Athanasius defend throughout his life?
That the Son is fully divine and of the same substance as the Father.
How many times was Athanasius exiled?
Five times.
Who were the Cappadocian Fathers?
Basil the Great
What was the Cappadocians' greatest theological contribution?
Clarifying the doctrine of the Trinity.
What does ousia mean?
Essence or substance.
What does hypostasis mean?
Person or individual reality.
How many ousiai and hypostases are there in the Trinity?
One ousia and three hypostases.
Which council reaffirmed Nicene Christianity and affirmed the divinity of the Holy Spirit?
The Council of Constantinople (381).
When was the Council of Constantinople?
381 CE.
What did the Council of Constantinople add to the Nicene Creed?
A fuller statement on the Holy Spirit.
What heresy denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit?
Pneumatomachianism.
Who is called the "Theologian" because of his writings on the Trinity?
Gregory of Nazianzus.
What role did Basil the Great play in Christianity?
He defended Nicene theology and organized monastic life.
Why is Gregory of Nyssa significant?
He expanded Trinitarian theology and emphasized spiritual growth.
What became orthodox teaching on the Trinity?
One God in three coequal
Why is the Council of Constantinople important?
It completed the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity.
Who is considered the greatest theologian of the early Western Church?
Augustine of Hippo.
Where was Augustine bishop?
Hippo in North Africa.
What famous autobiography did Augustine write?
Confessions.
What major theological work did Augustine write after the sack of Rome?
The City of God.
Who greatly influenced Augustine before his conversion?
Ambrose of Milan.
What philosophy influenced Augustine's thinking before becoming Christian?
Neoplatonism.
What event marked Augustine's conversion?
Hearing "Take and read" and reading Romans 13.
What did Augustine believe about original sin?
All humans inherit a sinful nature from Adam.
How did Augustine define grace?
God's unearned help that enables salvation.
What did Augustine teach about free will after the Fall?
Human free will is weakened and unable to choose God without grace.
Who was Pelagius?
A British monk who opposed Augustine's view of grace.
What did Pelagius teach about human nature?
Humans are born morally neutral and can obey God without special grace.
Which view became orthodox?
Augustine's doctrine of grace.
Why did Augustine oppose Pelagianism?
It minimized humanity's need for divine grace.
How did Augustine understand evil?
As the absence or privation of good.
What are the two "cities" in The City of God?
The City of God and the Earthly City.
What distinguished the City of God from the Earthly City?
Love of God rather than love of self.
How did Augustine influence Western Christianity?
He shaped doctrines of sin
Why is Augustine considered one of Christianity's most influential thinkers?
His theology shaped Roman Catholicism and Protestantism alike.
What controversy most defined Augustine's later career?
The Pelagian controversy.
What controversy focused on how Christ's divine and human natures relate?
The Christological controversy.
Who was Nestorius?
Patriarch of Constantinople accused of dividing Christ into two persons.
Why did Nestorius object to calling Mary Theotokos?
He believed she gave birth only to Christ's human nature.
What does Theotokos mean?
God-bearer or Mother of God.
Which council condemned Nestorius?
The Council of Ephesus (431).
When was the Council of Ephesus?
431 CE.
What did the Council of Ephesus affirm about Christ?
That Christ is one person with both divine and human natures.
Who opposed Nestorius most strongly?
Cyril of Alexandria.
Who was Eutyches?
A monk whose teachings contributed to Monophysitism.
What is Monophysitism?
The belief that Christ has only one nature after the Incarnation.
Which council rejected Monophysitism?
The Council of Chalcedon.
When was the Council of Chalcedon?
451 CE.
What is the Chalcedonian Definition?
Christ is one person in two natures
How are Christ's two natures united according to Chalcedon?
Without confusion
Why was Chalcedon important?
It established orthodox Christology.
What became the orthodox understanding of Jesus?
One divine person possessing both a complete human nature and a complete divine nature.
Why were these Christological debates important?
They clarified who Christians believe Jesus truly is.
Which title for Mary became orthodox after Ephesus?
Theotokos.
What lasting impact did Chalcedon have?
It remains the standard Christological statement for most Christian traditions.
What is monasticism?
A movement emphasizing prayer
Who is known as the father of monasticism?
Anthony of Egypt.
Where did Christian monasticism begin?
The deserts of Egypt.
What is a hermit?
A monk living in solitude.
Who organized communal monastic life?
Pachomius.
What is cenobitic monasticism?
Monastic life lived in community.
Who wrote the Rule that shaped Western monasticism?
Benedict of Nursia.
What is the Rule of Benedict?
Guidelines for balanced monastic living centered on prayer and work.
What famous motto summarizes Benedictine life?
Ora et Labora (Pray and Work).
Why did monasticism become popular?
Many Christians sought greater spiritual discipline after Christianity became accepted.
How did monasteries preserve learning?
By copying manuscripts and educating future leaders.
What vows did monks commonly take?
Poverty
Who founded Western monasticism?
Benedict of Nursia.
What role did monasteries play during the Middle Ages?
Centers of worship
How did monasticism influence Christian theology?
It emphasized holiness
Why is Anthony important in Christian history?
He inspired generations of monks through his ascetic example.
How did Benedict differ from earlier desert monks?
He emphasized stable community life instead of solitary asceticism.
What became one of monasticism's greatest contributions to Europe?
Preserving classical and Christian literature.
Why are monasteries important for Church history?
They became centers of missionary work
How did monasticism shape medieval Christianity?
It became one of its defining spiritual institutions.