General Chemistry 1 - Week 7

Gas

particles that fill their container though have no definite shape or volume.

Scientific Law

is a statement that describes an observable occurrence in nature that appears to always be true.

Temperature

the average energy of microscopic motions of particles; the measure of the kinetic energy present in a system.

Volume

the quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas.

Pressure

defined as force per unit area

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP

s defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure.

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gas

describes gas as a large number of particles, atoms or molecules to be in constant, random motion and exhibit a perfectly elastic collisions.

Diffusion

is the ability of gaseous particles to scatter in wider space since the particles are in constant random motion.

Effusion

is the ability of gaseous particles to pass through a small opening.

Compression

means very large mass can be placed in a small container like methane gas in an LPG tank.

Expansion

means a very small mass can occupy a very large space like the mass of air in a room.

Pressure (P)

is equal to the force exerted by the gas on the walls of its container divided by the surface area of the container. P = force / area

Temperature (T)

The measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance as measured by thermometer or perceived by touch. Kelvin is the temperature used in the measurement. K = °C + 273.

Volume (V)

he volume of the gas is the space it occupies.

Amount of Gas (n)

The amount of gas being measured is always expressed in moles. At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

Boyle's Law

at constant temperature, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas. P1V1 = P2V2

Charles' Law

at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. V1/T1 = V2/T2

ay-Lussac's Law or Amontons' Law

at constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature. P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

Combined Gas Law

Combines Charles' law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Avogadro's Law

the volume of a gas maintained at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas. V1 / N1 = V2 / N2

Ideal Gas Law

one in which the collision
between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and there is no intermolecular attractive forces. PV = nRT