1 Governance, 1200-1450

___ forms of government predominated in state building during 1200-1450.

Monarchies and oligarchies.

After the fall of Rome in 476 C.E., medieval European rulers aspired to ___ rule.

Centralized.

The system where monarchs awarded land (fiefs) to vassals in medieval Europe is known as ___.

Feudalism.

The Byzantine Empire utilized ___ to legitimize rule after Rome's collapse.

Eastern Orthodoxy.

The ___ Empire was significant for its trade connections and cultural influence in the Middle East.

Abbasid.

The ___ were a centralized political authority established after Genghis Khan.

Mongol khanates.

The concept of ___ justified imperial rule in China.

Mandate of Heaven.

The period of decentralized power in Japan during the medieval era was characterized by rule from ___.

Shogun.

The conflict known as the Crusades involved attempts to reclaim ___ from Muslim control.

Jerusalem.

___ produced significant cultural and technological advancements during the Song Dynasty in China.

Trade.

The introduction of ___ to India marked a significant cultural and religious shift from the 1200s onwards.

Islam.

The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, known for its cultural flourishing, was ___.

Baghdad.

The ___ Empire was established in West Africa and was significant for its wealth from gold.

Mali.

The agricultural system called ___ was vital to the economy of the Inca Empire.

Mit'a labor.

The early modern governance in Italy was fragmented into independent ___.

City-states.

One key conflict of the Mongol Empire was halted by the Mamluk cavalry in the battle of ___.

Ain Jalut.

The ___ developed a tribute system and engaged in extensive trade and diplomacy.

Ming Dynasty.

During the Heian period, the real political power in Japan was held by the family of ___.

Fujiwara.