Waterborne Diseases and Health Issues Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards about waterborne diseases and health issues.

Waterborne Diseases

Microorganisms that cause disease and are transmitted through water.

Enteric Pathogens

Pathogens found in the intestines that can survive in water

Fecal-oral Transmission

Infection through consumption of water contaminated with feces.

Principal Infectious Agents

Bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and viruses

Waterborne Bacteria

Bacteria, such as Salmonella and Shigella, that can cause typhoid and diarrhea.

Waterborne Protozoa

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms, such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, that cause diarrhea.

Helminths

Parasitic worms like Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura.

Waterborne Viruses

Infectious particles like Enteroviruses and Hepatitis A.

Salmonella

Causes typhoid and diarrhea.

Shigella

Causes diarrhea.

Campylobacter

Leading cause in foodborne outbreaks, causes diarrhea

Legionella pneumophila

Causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections.

Giardia lamblia

Causes chronic diarrhea.

Cryptosporidium parvum

Causes acute diarrhea, fatal for immunocompromised individuals.

Enteroviruses

Causes meningitis, paralysis, rash, fever, and diarrhea.

Hepatitis A

Causes infectious hepatitis.

Noroviruses

Causes diarrhea/gastroenteritis.

Rotavirus

Cause diarrhea/gastroenteritis.

Adenovirus

Cause diarrhea (types 40 and 41), eye infections, and respiratory disease.

Coliforms

A group of bacteria used to indicate fecal contamination in water.

E. coli

A specific type of coliform bacteria, more representative of fecal sources.

Fecal Streptococci

Used to determine the source of recent fecal contamination (man or farm animals).

Enterococci

Exhibit better survival in seawater.

Clostridium perfringens

Used where disinfection is employed or where pollution may have occurred in the past.

Preliminary Treatment

Removal of wastewater constituents that may cause maintenance or operational problems.

Primary Treatment

The removal of a portion of the suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater.

Advanced Primary Treatment

Enhanced removal of suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater.

Secondary Treatment

Removal of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids.

Tertiary Treatment

Removal of residual suspended solids after secondary treatment.

Advanced Treatment

Removal of total dissolved solids and or trace constituents.