ANTH 1001 Final

You find burnt stone tools at a hominid occupation sit in East Africa. What dating method would you use?

Thermoluminescence

A hominid occupation is found between two tuff (or tephra) layers resulting from two different volcanic events. What dating method would you use on these materials?

Potassium-Argon or Argon-Argon

A zoo archeologist finds the fossils of a large pig species associated with a hominid occupation site. They can use these fossils foe which dating technique?

Biostratigraphy

Paleomagnetism is an example of what type of dating method?

Relative

Uranium series dating techniques is an example of what type of dating method?

absolute

Uranium series dating methods can be applied to what materials?

Flow stones, stalagmites, and stalactites (among other things in a cave)

Which hominid posses an occipital bun?

H. neanderthalensis

What is the adaptive purpose of the sagittal keel?

None

What hominid posses a sagittal keel?

H. erectus

What is the adaptive purpose of sagittal crest?

for consuming vegetation and or hard food items

What hominin possesses a sagittal crest?

Paranthropus

what trait is indicated at the top of the gorilla crania

sagittal crest

what hominin has a forehead and chin

homosapiens

where are oldowan tools found

africa and Eurasia

which is older: oldowan or acheulean

oldowan

what hominins used acheulean

h. erectus, h. hiedlebergensis

first hominin to leave Africa

h. erectus/ergaster

what hominins have a nuchal torus/occipital torus

h. erectus/ergaster

what hominin has a retromolar gap

h. neanderthal

where are neanderthals found

Eurasia

are Australopithecus arboreal or bipedal

both

what can lateral facing glenoid fossa tell us

only if they can swing on trees

where did h. naeldi come from

africa

did bipedality or large brain evolve first

bipedality

what proved that bipedality came before large brain

Taung Child (Australopithecus africanus)

Australopithecus and Paranthropus have what king of positional repertoire

broad

bipedality in animals

homoplasy/convergence

homoplasy/convergence

adaptive traits, didn't come from ancestors

Bergmann's rule

predicts that in colder region body size (volume, not height) will be larger because the volume of the organism increases faster than does its surface area

allen's rule (cold climates)

in colder climates, shorter appendages are better at preventing heat loss due to an increased mass-to-surface ratio

Allen's rule (warm climates)

in warmer climates, longer appendages are better at promoting heat loss due to a lower mass-to-surface ratio

H. naeldi post cranial traits

small stature, small braincase, small dental and masticatory apparatus, human wrist, curved fingers, short foot, arch suggests bipedality, incus bone

Fosters island rule

species change in size depending on available resources

why does size change on islands

isolation and reduced gene flow, reduced territory size, reduced food, reduces predation pressure, niche expansion

what hominin species was affected by island dwarfism

h. floresnsiensis

why was h. erectus able to leave Africa

changes in reciprocity: older individuals transmit more knowledge base and increased cooperation

trophic level increase: more meat eating

likely hypothesis for bipedalism

orthograde posture in the arboreal substrate was a pre-adaptation for bipedalism on the ground

most robust hominin

h. hidelbergensis

a humero-femoral index of 100% is indicative of what form of locomotion

quadruple/arboreal (legs and arms of relative equal lengths)

a valgus knee, asymmetric femoral condyles, and centered foramen magnum are indicative of what form of locomotion

bipedal

how would you differentiate between Australopithecus and Paranthropus

different cranial adaptations resulting from different diets

what hominids possess a mosaic of arboreal and bipedal post-cranial adaptations

Australopithecus and Paranthropus

h. floresiensis most likkey decente from what hominin species

h. erectus/ergaster

a hominin skeleton that is about 3ft tall and in possession of relatively large feet would be what species

h. floresiensis

a crania with a large supra orbital torus, angled occipital region, and a nuchal torus belongs to what hominin

h. erectus/ergaster

different variations of a gene are called

alleles

DNA function

self-replication and protein synthesis

mRNA function

transcribes the combined sequence of coding and non-coding regions into a sequence of only coding regions for export from the nucleus to the ribosome

crossover function

produces new combinations of alleles

humans have __ alleles(s) at each genetic locus or position on the chromosomes in their somatic (non-sex) cells because we are __ organisms

2, diploid