microbe and human interactions

pathologic state

the state that results when the infection damages or disrupts tissues and organs (disease)

sites on the human body that harbor normal microbiota

skin and its adjacent mucous membranes, outer opening of the urethra, external eye (eyelid and conjuvica), GI tract, respiratory tract, external ear canal, vagina, external genitalia

how do humans aquire normal microbiota

birth canal, food, breathing, natural sucession (lactobacilli, coliforms, Anaerobes)

epidemic

sudden acute outbreak of a disease affecting many people

pandemic

a worldwide epidemic

endemic

chronic occurance in a geographical region

sporadic

random small outbreaks

innoculating dose

the quantity of microbes in a dose or amount of exposure

sites thought to be setrile

All internal tissues and organs • Heart and circulatory system (?) • Liver • Kidney • Bladder • Brain • Spinal Cord Fluids within an organ or tissue • Blood • Urine in the kidney, ureters bladder • Cerebral spinal fluid • Saliva before entering oral cavity • Semen within male only • Amniotic fluid • Bone • Ovaries • Testes • Glands • Sinuses • Middle and inner Ear • Internal Eye

factors that increase host susceptability

old age, extreme youth, genetic and aquired defects in immunity, surgery and organ transplants, underlying diseases like cancer, liver malfunctions and diabetes, chemotherapy and immunosupressive drugs, physical stress, mental stress, other infections, antibiotics (for other infections)

virulence factors

microbial components that contribute to the ability to cause disease in a susceptible host

portals of entry for microbes

oral, nasal, gential, urinary, anal, skin

microbes that create their own pathway into the GI tract

Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Certain strains of Escherichia coli, Poliovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Echovirus, Rotavirus, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia

two microbes that can survive after being injested by a phagocyte

Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria meningitides, and Cryptococcus neoformans • Some can survive inside phagocytes after ingestion: Legionella, Mycobacterium, and many rickettsias

most prevalant STD

human papilomavirus

least reported STD

Syphilis

what does TORCH represent

toxoplasmosis, other diseases, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex

the three anti phagotic factors that microbes contain

Leukocidins, extracellular surface layer, surival after ingestion

the four extracellular enzymes that microbes have to break down host defense barriers

Mucinase, ceratinase, collagenase, Hyaluronidase

toxnoses

diseases caused by toxins

toxemia

when a toxin accumaltes in the blood

intoxications

toxnoses caused by ingestion of toxins (boutalism)

what microbes have exotoxins that block nerve functions

Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum

necrosis

accumulated damage leads to cell and tissue death

signs and symptoms of inflamation

Rubor (redness) Calor (warmth) Dolar (pain) Tumor (swelling) and the fifth symptom if the first four are not addressed is loss of function.

leukocytosis

high WBC count

leukopenia

low WBC count

portals of exit

respiratory and salivary portals, skin scales, fecal exit, urogenital tract, removal of blood or bleeding

latency

a dormant state

sequale

long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs

biological vector

actively participates in a pathogen’s life cycle

mechanical vector

transport the infectious agent without being infected

zoonotic disease

an infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to humans. EX: rabies

comunicable diseases

direct or indirect. touching, kissing, hand shake, food, water, biological rpoducts, air

non communicable

Compromised person invaded by his or her own microbiota, Individual has accidental contact with a microbe in a nonliving reservoir