Bush to Trump

Michael Dukakis

1988 Democratic presidential nominee, known for his gubernatorial term in Massachusetts.

Dan Quayle

Vice President under George H.W. Bush, serving from 1989 to 1993.

'read my lips—no new taxes'

Famous phrase from George H.W. Bush's 1988 campaign, later criticized for being unfulfilled.

Tiananmen Square

Site of pro-democracy protests in China in 1989, which were violently suppressed.

Breakup of Soviet Union 1990

The dissolution of the USSR, leading to the independence of 15 republics.

Boris Yeltsin

First President of Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union, known for economic reforms.

START I & II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)

Agreements between the US and Russia aimed at reducing the number of nuclear weapons.

Manuel Noriega

Former military leader of Panama, captured during the US invasion in 1989.

Operation Just Cause

US military operation in 1989 to depose Manuel Noriega.

Persian Gulf War

Conflict in 1990-1991 to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.

Saddam Hussein

President of Iraq, known for his invasion of Kuwait and role in the Gulf War.

Kuwait

Small nation invaded by Iraq in 1990, leading to the Gulf War.

Desert Storm

Military operation to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi forces during the Gulf War.

Norman Schwarzkopf

US General who led coalition forces in the Gulf War.

Americans with Disabilities Act 1990

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on disability.

under daddy bush

Rodney King

Victim of police brutality whose beating led to the LA Riots.

LA Riots

Riots that erupted in Los Angeles in 1992 following the acquittal of police officers in the Rodney King case.

Exxon Valdez

Oil tanker that spilled millions of gallons of oil in Alaska in 1989.

27th Amendment

Ratified in 1992, it restricts congressional pay increases until after the next election.

William Jefferson Clinton

42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001.

Ross Perot

Independent presidential candidate in 1992 known for his business background.

Albert Gore

Vice President under Bill Clinton, known for environmental advocacy.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or block legislative action,

EX: a prolonged speech that obstructs the process without being blatantly wrong

Brady Handgun bill (Brady Bill)

Legislation requiring background checks for handgun purchases.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) ‘93

Trade agreement between the US, Canada, and Mexico aimed at reducing trade barriers and promoting free trade, included intermingling the markets

posed threats to American jobs, cheaper labor and products abroad

Newt Gingrich

Speaker of the House and leader of the Republican Revolution in the 1990s.

Contract with America

Republican campaign platform for the 1994 midterm elections promising government reforms.

the removal of some regulations, tax cuts, and a balanced-budget amendment.

*newt gingrich

Monica Lewinsky

White House intern involved in a scandal that led to Clinton's impeachment.

1993 World Trade Center Bombing

Terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City by a truck bomb.

Oklahoma City Bombing, 1995

Domestic terrorist attack targeting a federal building, resulting in 168 deaths.

Timothy McVeigh

Perpetrator of the Oklahoma City bombing.

Columbine

Mass shooting at Columbine High School in 1999, raising awareness of school violence.

Matthew Sheppard

Victim of a hate crime in 1998 that highlighted issues of LGBTQ+ violence.

Kyoto Protocol

International treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

*daddy bush vetoed

Condoleezza Rice

First female African American Secretary of State, serving under George W. Bush.

Family and Medical Leave Act

Legislation allowing employees to take unpaid leave for family and medical reasons.

Bob Dole

Republican presidential nominee in 1996 and former Senate Majority Leader.

Whitewater Real Estate Deal

Real estate investment controversy involving Bill and Hillary Clinton.

Clinton Impeachment

Impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1998 mainly over Monica Lewinsky scandal.

Madeleine Albright

First female Secretary of State, serving during the Clinton administration.

Janet Reno

First female Attorney General of the United States, serving under Clinton.

Somalia, 1993

US military intervention in this African nation to provide humanitarian aid during civil conflict.

Yugoslavia

Nation that broke apart in the 1990s, leading to ethnic conflicts and wars.

South Africa

Country transitioning from apartheid to democracy in the early 1990s.

Vladimir Putin

President of Russia, known for centralizing power and foreign policy assertiveness.

Slobodan Milosevic, ethnic cleansing

Former leader of Serbia, involved in war crimes during the Yugoslav Wars.

Nuclear proliferation

Spread of nuclear weapons and technology to more countries.

globalization

Process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence of world economies.

WTO (World Trade Organization)

International organization that regulates trade between nations.

World Bank

International financial institution that provides loans for development projects.

European Union (EU), euro

Political and economic union of European countries, with a common currency (euro) used by many.

Group of Seven (G-7), G-8

political and economic forum that includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Election of 2000, Bush v. Gore

Controversial presidential election settled by Supreme Court, resulting in Bush's victory.

No Child Left Behind

Education reform law aimed at increasing accountability in schools, STATE and NATIONWIDE TESTING

Little Bush, 2002

Enron

Energy company that collapsed in a major accounting fraud scandal.

1998 – Kenya/Tanzania embassy bombing

Terrorist attacks on US embassies, killing over 200 people.

September 11, 2001

Terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda that led to significant global security changes.

Axis of Evil

Term used by President George W. Bush to describe regimes threatening world peace (Iraq, North Korea, Iran)

General Colin Powell

US General and Secretary of State known for his role in the Gulf War and Iraq War.

Osama bin Laden

Leader of Al Qaeda, responsible for the September 11 attacks.

Al Qaeda

Islamist militant organization responsible for numerous terrorist attacks.

Taliban

Islamist group that governed Afghanistan and provided sanctuary to militants.

War on Terror

Global campaign launched by the US under little Bush after 9/11 to combat terrorism.

USS Cole in Yemen

Naval destroyer attacked by terrorists in 2000, killing 17 sailors.

USA Patriot Act

Legislation passed after 9/11 to enhance national security and surveillance.

War in Afghanistan

US-led conflict initiated in response to 9/11, targeting the Taliban and Al Qaeda.

Department of Homeland Security

US government department created to coordinate national security efforts.

Iraq War

Conflict that began in 2003 to dismantle Saddam Hussein's regime.

Election of 2004

Presidential election in which George W. Bush was re-elected.

Election of 2008

Presidential election in which Barack Obama was elected.

Election of 2012, 2016

Presidential elections in which Barack Obama was re-elected and Donald Trump was elected.

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

Agency responsible for coordinating federal disaster response.

Abu Ghraib

Iraqi prison where US soldiers were implicated in human rights abuses.

Hurricane Katrina

Devastating hurricane in 2005 that led to widespread destruction and human suffering.

Housing Bubble

Economic cycle characterized by rapid increases in housing prices followed by a crash.

Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

authorized the U.S. Treasury to buy troubled assets and restore stability and Liquidity to the financial system

Real Estate Collapse

Significant decline in housing market values during the late 2000s financial crisis.

Hillary Clinton

Former First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State, known for her presidential campaigns.

Barack Obama

44th President of the United States, known for the Affordable Care Act.

John McCain

Republican senator and presidential candidate in 2008.

Sarah Palin

Governor of Alaska and Republican vice presidential nominee in 2008.

growth of technology

Rapid advancement and integration of technology in everyday life and economy.

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Stimulus package aimed at promoting economic recovery following the 2008 financial crisis.

'Obamacare'

Colloquial term for the Affordable Care Act, a health reform law enacted in 2010.

Trump

45th President of the United States, known for his contentious political style and policies.

Joe Biden

46th President of the United States, previously Vice President under Obama.

trends in healthcare

Emerging patterns in health care delivery, policy, and technology.

globalization, the US & World Affairs

The impact of interconnected economies on US foreign relations and policies.

International finance

Global financial systems and markets that impact international trade and investment.

fannie mae

Federal National Mortgage Association

• A government-sponsored enterprise that facilitates mortgage lending in the United States, providing liquidity to the housing market.

freddie mac

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation,

• a government-sponsored enterprise that supports the housing market by purchasing and securitizing mortgages.

Troubled Assets Relief Program TARP

a program established in 2008 to purchase toxic assets and equity from financial institutions to strengthen the financial sector during the economic crisis.