Lecture+6+-+DNA+Packaging

What is the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child?

A gene is the basic unit of heredity.

What are the types of RNA produced in cells?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA, IncRNA.

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds in RNA?

RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation.

How does the direction of transcription occur for RNA synthesis?

Transcription occurs in the 5’-to-3’ direction.

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

A promoter is a DNA sequence recognized and bound by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

What are the post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotic mRNA?

Capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.

What is the function of the TATA box?

The TATA box is recognized by TFIID, facilitating the assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase at the promoter.

What is reverse transcription?

Reverse transcription is the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template.

What is the significance of alternative RNA splicing?

Alternative RNA splicing allows for the production of different mRNAs and proteins from the same pre-mRNA transcript.

What does the genetic code being degenerate mean?

It means multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

What are the start and stop codons in genetic code?

AUG is the start codon; UAA, UGA, UAG are stop codons.

What does wobble base pairing allow in translation?

Wobble base pairing allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons for the same amino acid.