Praxis 5436 Full-Length Science Practice Exam Review
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135 Question-and-Answer flashcards covering Nature and Impact of Science and Engineering, Physical Science, Life Science, and Earth & Space Science topics.
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135 Terms
What best describes a hypothesis?
A testable prediction based on observations.
Why is peer review important in scientific research?
It helps ensure the validity and credibility of results.
A controlled experiment is designed to test what?
One independent variable.
Which laboratory tool is best for measuring mass?
A triple-beam balance.
What is the main purpose of a scientific model?
To represent and explain complex systems.
What is a major limitation of science?
Science cannot answer questions of morality or belief.
Which action demonstrates an ethical concern in research?
Falsifying experimental data.
Which U.S. agency primarily regulates environmental protection?
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
In a plant-growth experiment, what is the dependent variable?
The growth of the plant.
What is a primary benefit of technology in society?
Providing solutions to practical problems.
What role do controls play in an experiment?
They provide a standard for comparison.
Which is an example of applied science?
Developing a new vaccine.
Why is replication important in scientific investigations?
It confirms the reliability of results.
Which aspect of a study should be kept constant for valid results?
Controlled variables.
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific law?
A theory explains why phenomena occur; a law describes what happens.
Designing a wind turbine to maximize energy output is an example of what process?
The engineering design process.
Which scientific breakthrough has greatly impacted daily life?
The invention of antibiotics.
Why is calibrating laboratory equipment important?
To ensure accurate measurements.
Why is scientific literacy important for individuals?
It helps people make informed decisions about health and policy.
What best defines engineering?
The application of science and mathematics to solve problems.
Which of the following is a physical change?
Melting ice.
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?
The electron.
What does the atomic number of an element indicate?
The number of protons in the atom.
Which is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Salad.
Which law relates force, mass, and acceleration?
Newton’s Second Law of Motion.
What is the chemical symbol for potassium?
K.
What characterizes an endothermic reaction?
It absorbs heat from the surroundings.
What is the SI unit of electrical resistance?
The ohm.
What is true of an object in uniform motion?
It moves at a constant speed in a straight line.
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
A covalent bond.
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed.
If volume decreases while temperature stays constant, what happens to pressure?
Pressure increases.
A car accelerates from 0 to 20 m/s in 10 s. What is its acceleration?
2 m/s².
Which example illustrates kinetic energy?
A rolling ball.
What is the main form of energy transfer in a microwave oven?
Radiation.
Which substance has the highest thermal conductivity?
Copper.
Which particle determines the identity of an element?
The proton.
What is the primary function of a catalyst?
To speed up a chemical reaction.
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7.
What current flows in a circuit with 10 V and 2 Ω of resistance?
5 A.
Which phase of matter has no definite shape but a definite volume?
Liquid.
What type of reaction occurs when two elements combine to form a compound?
A synthesis reaction.
Which of the following is a chemical property?
Flammability.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical bonding?
Valence electrons.
What is the total voltage in a series circuit with three 2 V batteries?
6 V.
Why does an object float in water?
Its density is lower than that of water.
Which unit measures frequency?
The hertz (Hz).
The reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O is an example of what type?
A synthesis reaction.
What energy transformation occurs in a battery-powered flashlight?
Chemical energy to light energy.
How is acceleration defined?
The rate of change of velocity.
Which material is the best conductor of electricity?
Silver.
Boyle’s Law relates which two variables?
Pressure and volume.
Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
They rearrange to form new substances.
Which color of visible light has the highest energy?
Violet.
Which material is the most malleable?
Gold.
What is the SI unit of force?
The newton.
Which device converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
An electric motor.
What results when a neutral atom loses an electron?
It becomes a positive ion (cation).
What type of energy is stored in molecular bonds?
Chemical energy.
Which organelle produces energy for the cell?
The mitochondrion.
Enzymes belong to which class of macromolecules?
Proteins.
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
Transporting water and minerals.
What best describes osmosis?
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
What is photosynthesis?
The conversion of sunlight into chemical energy.
What role do decomposers play in a food chain?
They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.
Which molecule carries genetic information in the nucleus?
DNA.
Which organ system transports oxygen throughout the body?
The circulatory system.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
Temperature.
Which process produces identical cells for growth and repair?
Mitosis.
What type of organism makes its own food?
An autotroph.
Which human body system controls responses to stimuli?
The nervous system.
Which process creates genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
Meiosis.
In genetics, what does "dominant" mean?
A trait expressed when at least one allele is present.
Which cellular structure regulates what enters and exits the cell?
The cell membrane.
Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A bacterial (prokaryotic) cell.
Which of the following is a learned behavior?
A dog learning to sit.
In a food web, organisms that consume producers are called what?
Primary consumers.
What term describes maintaining a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis.
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transporting oxygen.
Which biomolecule provides quick energy for the body?
Carbohydrates.
Which kingdom contains multicellular, autotrophic organisms with cell walls?
Plantae.
What does a Punnett square predict?
The probability of genetic traits in offspring.
How is natural selection best defined?
Survival and reproduction of organisms best suited to their environment.
Which digestive organ absorbs most nutrients?
The small intestine.
Which cell structure controls most cellular processes?
The nucleus.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
It absorbs light energy.
Which bond holds the bases of a DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bonds.
What happens during cellular respiration?
Glucose is broken down to release energy.
Which is a characteristic of all living things?
The ability to respond to stimuli.
What term includes all living and nonliving things in an area?
Ecosystem.
What causes genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis?
Mutations in DNA.
Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
Pumping blood throughout the body.
What is the primary function of the immune system?
Protecting the body from pathogens.
Which process allows plants to convert CO₂ and water into glucose and oxygen?
Photosynthesis.
What causes a population to increase in size?
More births than deaths.
Which organ filters waste products from the blood?
The kidneys.
Which process ensures offspring inherit traits from parents?
Sexual reproduction.
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
Bees pollinating flowers.
What role do ribosomes play in a cell?
Protein synthesis.