Correlation of Physical Signs Disease and Cardiovascular Disease

These flashcards cover key concepts and physical signs related to cardiovascular diseases, aiding in the review and preparation for exams.

What are the common symptoms of left ventricular failure (LVF)?

Common symptoms include exertional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.

What is cardiac failure defined as?

Cardiac failure is defined as a reduction in cardiac function such that cardiac output is reduced relative to the metabolic demands of the body.

What is one specific sign of left ventricular failure?

Pulsus alternans is a specific sign of left ventricular failure.

What general signs may indicate right ventricular failure (RVF)?

Signs of right ventricular failure may include peripheral cyanosis, raised jugular venous pressure (JVP), and ankle or sacral swelling.

What does an elevated JVP suggest in a patient with suspected right ventricular failure?

An elevated JVP suggests raised venous pressure, indicating right heart overload.

What findings favor heart failure as the cause of dyspnoea?

Findings include a history of myocardial infarction, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and abnormal heart sounds.

What is a common auscultation finding in mitral stenosis?

A loud S1 and a low-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur are common auscultation findings in mitral stenosis.

What systemic complications can arise from systemic hypertension?

Complications may include left ventricular failure, cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), renal failure, and eye disease.

What is the significance of pulsus paradoxus in cardiac assessment?

Pulsus paradoxus may indicate conditions like cardiac tamponade, characterized by a drop in blood pressure during inspiration.

What clinical signs might indicate aortic regurgitation?

Signs may include a wide pulse pressure, a bounding pulse, and a characteristic decrescendo diastolic murmur.