AP Gov: Federalist Essays & Amendments

federalist #10

madison case for a large republic: a republic is preferable to a direct democracy because the people vote to elect a representative who makes choices in their best interest for them. a large republic is better because there are many diverse opinions & interests, making it more difficult for a majority faction or mob rule.

brutus #1

anti-federalist case for small republics: smaller republics are preferable to large because there are less opinions and disagreements, meaning it will be easier to make decisions and get things done. claims article 6 will allow the national govt. to destroy smaller republics because the federal govt. holds power that makes states less useful.

federalist #51

madison case for seperation of powers & federalism: separating power between branches helps protect liberty by making sure that no one branch holds all the power (harder for majority to control all 3 branches) and that they have the right to checks and balances.

federalist #70

hamilton case for a unitary/single executive: should be head by one person because they can be more decisive and bring energy to lead the country well. its also easier for the people to hold one person accountable.

federalist #78

hamilton case for an independent judiciary: should have lifetime terms because they will be able to make decisions based solely on the constitution free from political pressure.

article 1

legislative branch

article 2

executive branch

article 3

judicial branch

article 4

interstate relations

article 5

amending the constitution

article 6

constitution is supreme law of land

article 7

ratification of the constitution

1st amendment

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition.

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

protection against quartering soldiers

4th amendment

freedom from unreasonable search and seizure

5th amendment

rights of persons accused of a crime

6th amendment

right to a jury trial in a criminal case

7th amendment

right to a jury in civil cases

8th amendment

protection from cruel or unusual punishment, excessive bail.

9th amendment

other rights of the people (unenumerated rights)

10th amendment

reserved powers of the states

11th amendment

limiting law cases against states

12th amendment

separate election of the president and vice president

13th amendment

slavery abolished

14th amendment

definition of citizenship, due process, equal protection

15th amendment

right to vote cannot be denied based on race

16th amendment

income tax

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

prohibition of alcoholic drinks

19th amendment

women's right to vote

20th amendment

changed date of presidential inauguration

21st amendment

repeal of prohibition

22nd amendment

president limited to being elected two terms

23rd amendment

presidential electors for the DC

24th amendment

poll tax abolished

25th amendment

transfer of power in case of presidential disability

26th amendment

guarantees right to vote for 18 year olds

27th amendment

limits on congressional salary changes