Turning Points in Japanese History and Culture

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29 Terms

1
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Abolition of the feudal system

Ended the rule of the samurai class and allowed for central government power and modernization.

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Comparison of Japanese and European feudal systems

Japan's feudal system was more centralized under the shogunate, while Europe's was more fragmented.

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Meiji Restoration

Brought western technology, education, military systems, clothing, and industrialization to Japan, transforming it into a modern world power.

4
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Internal challenges faced by Japan in the 19th century

Resistance to modernization and samurai uprisings.

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External challenges faced by Japan in the 19th century

Pressure from Western nations like the U.S. to open trade.

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Impact of western nations on East Asian society

Forced open markets, introduced new technology, and weakened traditional systems, leading to reforms and modernization.

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Chinese influence on Japanese culture

Through Buddhism, Confucianism, writing, art, and government structure.

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Definition of feudalism

A political and social system where land is exchanged for loyalty and service.

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Reason for feudalism in Japan

Japan needed stability and order during periods of constant warfare, and feudalism provided structure and loyalty among classes.

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Significance of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Unified Japan, maintained peace for over 250 years, and isolated the country from foreign influence.

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Samurai

Warriors who served lords (daimyo) and followed a strict code of honor (Bushido).

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Importance of the samurai katana sword

It symbolized honor and was the samurai's most trusted and sacred weapon.

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Code of Bushido

A samurai code of ethics stressing loyalty, honor, courage, and self-discipline.

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Seppuku

Ritual suicide performed by samurai to preserve honor after defeat or disgrace.

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Emperor in Japanese feudal system

Figurehead with no real power.

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Shogun in Japanese feudal system

Military ruler with actual power.

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Daimyo in Japanese feudal system

Landowning lords who controlled regions.

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Ronin

Masterless samurai.

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Farmers/artisans

Produced food and goods, respected more than merchants.

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Merchants

Low status because they did not produce anything.

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Outcasts

Lowest social class, did unclean work.

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Japan's relationship with European nations

Initiated through trade and forced treaties after Commodore Perry's arrival.

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Isolationism's effect on Japan

Preserved Japanese culture but left Japan technologically behind the West.

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Reaction to Commodore Perry's appearance in Japan

Shock and fear; Japan realized it had to modernize to avoid colonization.

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Treaty of Kanagawa

Opened two ports to U.S. ships and began an era of Western influence and trade.

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Reforms during the Meiji Restoration

Creation of a national army, public education system, industrialization, and new legal system.

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Results of the Sino-Japanese War

Japan defeated China and gained Taiwan, increasing its imperial power.

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Significance of the Russo-Japanese War

Japan defeated a major European power, gaining respect and proving its strength.

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International community's response to repression in Korea

They were more focused on their own interests and did not see Korea as a priority.