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Abolition of the feudal system
Ended the rule of the samurai class and allowed for central government power and modernization.
Comparison of Japanese and European feudal systems
Japan's feudal system was more centralized under the shogunate, while Europe's was more fragmented.
Meiji Restoration
Brought western technology, education, military systems, clothing, and industrialization to Japan, transforming it into a modern world power.
Internal challenges faced by Japan in the 19th century
Resistance to modernization and samurai uprisings.
External challenges faced by Japan in the 19th century
Pressure from Western nations like the U.S. to open trade.
Impact of western nations on East Asian society
Forced open markets, introduced new technology, and weakened traditional systems, leading to reforms and modernization.
Chinese influence on Japanese culture
Through Buddhism, Confucianism, writing, art, and government structure.
Definition of feudalism
A political and social system where land is exchanged for loyalty and service.
Reason for feudalism in Japan
Japan needed stability and order during periods of constant warfare, and feudalism provided structure and loyalty among classes.
Significance of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Unified Japan, maintained peace for over 250 years, and isolated the country from foreign influence.
Samurai
Warriors who served lords (daimyo) and followed a strict code of honor (Bushido).
Importance of the samurai katana sword
It symbolized honor and was the samurai's most trusted and sacred weapon.
Code of Bushido
A samurai code of ethics stressing loyalty, honor, courage, and self-discipline.
Seppuku
Ritual suicide performed by samurai to preserve honor after defeat or disgrace.
Emperor in Japanese feudal system
Figurehead with no real power.
Shogun in Japanese feudal system
Military ruler with actual power.
Daimyo in Japanese feudal system
Landowning lords who controlled regions.
Ronin
Masterless samurai.
Farmers/artisans
Produced food and goods, respected more than merchants.
Merchants
Low status because they did not produce anything.
Outcasts
Lowest social class, did unclean work.
Japan's relationship with European nations
Initiated through trade and forced treaties after Commodore Perry's arrival.
Isolationism's effect on Japan
Preserved Japanese culture but left Japan technologically behind the West.
Reaction to Commodore Perry's appearance in Japan
Shock and fear; Japan realized it had to modernize to avoid colonization.
Treaty of Kanagawa
Opened two ports to U.S. ships and began an era of Western influence and trade.
Reforms during the Meiji Restoration
Creation of a national army, public education system, industrialization, and new legal system.
Results of the Sino-Japanese War
Japan defeated China and gained Taiwan, increasing its imperial power.
Significance of the Russo-Japanese War
Japan defeated a major European power, gaining respect and proving its strength.
International community's response to repression in Korea
They were more focused on their own interests and did not see Korea as a priority.