Unit 5: Plants - Vocabulary Review

Flashcards to review key vocabulary terms related to plant biology, covering plant evolution, transport, and reproduction.

Green Algae (Charophytes)

Plants evolved from these, according to phylogenetic evidence.

Bryophytes

A plant group with no vascular tissue, characterized by gametophyte dominance.

Ferns

Plant group possessing vascular tissue but lacking seeds, with sporophyte dominance.

Gymnosperms

Seed-bearing plants with cones, but lacking flowers.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce fruits and undergo double fertilization.

Alternation of Generations

The alternation between a haploid generation (gametophyte) and a diploid generation (sporophyte) in plants.

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water and minerals upward; composed of dead cells.

Phloem

Plant tissue that transports sugars in both directions; composed of living cells.

Transpiration

The process by which water is pulled upward in plants due to evaporation from leaves.

Cohesion-Tension Model

Model explaining water transport in xylem via transpiration pull and cohesion/adhesion of water molecules.

Pressure-Flow Model

Model explaining sugar transport in phloem, driven by pressure differences.

Stomata

Structure in leaves that facilitates gas exchange.

Cuticle

A waxy layer on leaves that prevents water loss.

Mesophyll

The photosynthetic tissue of leaves.

Veins (xylem/pholem)

Transport water and minerals in plant leaves.

Stamen

The male reproductive organ in flowering plants, consisting of the anther and filament.

Pistil

The female reproductive organ in flowering plants, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma.

Ovules

The structure within the ovary that contains the egg cell.

Anther

The structure on the stamen where pollen is produced.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

Endosperm

The structure formed during double fertilization that provides nourishment to the developing embryo.