Legal Studies - Human Rights

Human rights are:

universal, inalienable, inherent, and indivisible

What article abolishes slavery?

Article 4 of the UDHR

What does Article 4 in the UDHR say about abolishing slavery?

No-one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the prohibition of any form of slave trades.

How many people are enslaved and in servitude in the modern world?

Around 50 million (The Global Slavery Index)

What are the 3 types of slavery?

Slavery, Debt Slavery, and Human Trafficking.

What is slavery?

A type of forced labour in which a person is considered to be the legal property of another.

What is debt slavery?

When you’re being forced to pay off a loan with labour rather than money.

What is human trafficking?

The commercial trade in human beings for the purpose of some form of slavery; usually recruiting, transporting or obtaining a person by force, coercion or deceptive means.

What are some significant dates in the timeline in the abolition of slavery?

1117 (Iceland abolishes slavery), 1833 (slavery abolished in Uk through the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK)), and 1948 (UDHR Art 4 abolishes slavery worldwide).

What is a trade union?

An organisation of workers created to preserve and further their rights and interests.

What are labour rights?

Rights at work, including the right to safe working conditions, minimum wages, paid leave, and to join a trade union.

What is the industrial revolution?

A rapid development of industry in the 18th and 19th centuries, characterised by changes in manufacturing, agriculture and transport.

What is the International Labour Organisation (ILO)?

An international agency of the UN, created with the aim of improving conditions for workers around the world.

What does Article 23 in the UDHR say?

Everyone has the right to work, free choice of employment, favour law conditions of work, protecting against unemployment, equal pay for equal work, to form and join trade unions.

What does Article 24 of the UDHR say?

Right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

What does Article 21 say in the UDHR?

Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, right to equal access to public service, and the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government (universal suffrage).

What act in the UK allowed suffrage for men?

Representation of the People Act 1918 (UK)

When did the Australia Commonwealth give suffrage to women?

1902

Who was the first country in the world to give women an equal right to vote?

New Zealand in 1893

When did Aboriginal Australians gain suffrage?

Until 1962

What did an NGO report on political rights and civil liberties?

Freedom House in a 2019 report said that there was a decline in political rights and civil liberties over 2005-2018.

What does Article 26 say in the UDHR?

Everyone has the right to free education and at least elementary and fundamental in its stages, in which is compulsory.

What did the Church of Scotland do for education?

In 1561, the Church of Scotland proposed a school teacher for the poor so that they can receive free education.

What did France with education?

In 1880, France made it mandatory for children under 15 years to attend school with free and secular public instruction.

What act in Australia makes their education compulsory?

Education Act 1990 (NSW)

What is the percentage of literacy rates in Australia?

99%

What does Article 12 in the UDHR say?

To develop friendly nations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples to strengthen universal peace.

What is the right to self-determination?

The right of people to determine how they will be governed without uninvited influence of other states.

What is a collective right?

A right belonging to a group or a people, as opposed to an individual right.

How many countries attended The Paris Agreement (COP21)?

190 countries

What did Google announce in COP21?

Triple their purchases of renewable energy by 2025

What is Australia ranked in the OCED countries on climate action?

Last…

What is the right to peace?

The right of citizens to expect their government to do all in its power to maintain peace and work towards the elimination of war.

What declaration is there to protect the right to peace?

The Declaration on the Rights of People to Peace (1984)

What does The Declaration on the Rights of People to Peace (1984) say?

Eliminate threats of war, and especially nuclear war, renunciation of the use of force in international relations, and settlement of international disputes by peaceful means directed by the UN Charter.

What is soft law?

International statements without legal obligations but international pressure to act accordingly.

What is hard law?

Conventions and treaties that create legally binding obligations under international law.

What is international customary law?

Concepts or actions that have been developed and had endured time to where they are widely accepted by the international community.

What does the International Bill of Human Rights consist of?

UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR