intro to ethics midterm
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FIU professor Arechavaleta fall 2024 1st ethics exam
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39 Terms
ethics
branch of philosophy that deals with the correctness of human action
philosophy
the study of ultimacy through reason
where does the word ethics come from?
the Greek word ethos
means custom norm or habit
where does the study of ethics begin in the history of the west?
the ancient Greek world
who are the giants of antiquity
plato Aristotle and Socrates
eachother teachers in this order
what are the two main questions that the study of ethics asks
what does it mean for a person to be moral
what does it mean for an action to be moral
define ‘divine command theory’
says that an action is moral because “God says so”
what is a weakness of divine command theory?
claims that authority is = to correctness
what is the difference between rhetoric and dialectic?
rhetoric is the art of persuasion while dialectic is concerned with content over appeal
what is ultimacy?
the study of “ultimate” or fundamental questions regarding human existence
ex: what is love?
what is the elenchus?
a cross examination in a search for definitions and essences that’s asks “what is x”
what is the difference between opinion and knowledge. why is this distinction important?
opinion (doxa) isn’t concerned with certainty like knowledge (epistem) is. it is important because knowledge is better than opinion.
sovereignty of virtue thesis
says that excellence should be the top ambition for all human beings
virtue
excellence
how does plato write?
dialogues
what is the central question of the Euthyphro?
“what is piety?”
which thinker wrote the Euthyphro
plato
how does Euthyphro answer the question “what is piety”
he says its that which is dear to the gods
he says it is holding everyone to the same moral standard (treating everyone the same)
how does Socrates reply to Euthyphro’s answer to “what is piety”?
he says that even the gods diagree
he says “holding everyone to the same moral standards” is an example not a definition
what are Socrates charges in “the apology”
corrupting the youth of athens
being atheist
not acknowledging the gods
how does Socrates reply to the charges ?
says that he actually improves the youth of athens, yet he has gotten no payment and is left a life of poverty. the city of athens should thank him rather than prosecute him, “for the bases of slandar against him is that he speaks the truth”. he said that he’s talked to many different types of people yet, they has no answer for him. even the “wisest man of Athens” had no answer for him, therefore, he was now the wisest man of Athens because “he admits his own ignorance”
what does Meletus say to Socrates reply in ‘the apology”? and what is wrong with this reponse?
metelus claims that the laws improve the youth however this is wrong because laws merely scare people, and “a scared person isn’t the same as a good person”
what does Socrates mean when he says “the unexamined life is not worth living”?
he is saying that a life without philosophy is devastating because then you may never know.
ex: if you don’t ask" “what is love?” you may never experience it
what does Socrates say about the fear of death?
he says that death is not scary because either it is “a change in location” or “being asleep forever” and since death is inevitable, this is not bad.
rather he fears ignorance and thoughtlessness
what is deontology?
system of ethics that says an action is moral if the person fulfils their duties or obligations
who is the most important thinker in deontology
emmanual kant
what are the three systems of ethics
deontology
utilitarianism
virtue ethics
categorical imperative
act as if that action were to become law
treat everyone like an end, not a means to an end
which system of ethics is the categorical imperative attached to?
deontology
what are the three principals of deontology?
honesty
non-aggression
good will
do any of the system of ethics principals extend to other species?
no. all of the principals are human specific
consequentialism?
view that morality of an action is based on its results rather than intention
what is utilitarianism?
says than an action is moral if it produces the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
who is the main thinker is utilitarianism
Mill
what is the only intrinsic value?
happiness
what is virtue ethics?
states an action is moral if it displays excellence
intrinsic value
something we value for its own sake
instrumental value
something valued as a mean to get something else
which system of ethics was aristotle the main thinker of ?
virtue ethics