AP World Unit 2

Networks of Exchange

Refers to trading routes connecting various states and empires, facilitating economic interactions and cultural diffusion through the exchange of goods, religion, languages, and technology.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural elements such as beliefs, practices, and technologies from one society to another through trade and interaction.

Silk Roads

A network of trade routes across Eurasia, known for trading luxury goods like Chinese silk and porcelain, leading to the growth of powerful trading cities like Kashgar.

Indian Ocean Network

A maritime trade network where trade expanded due to technological innovations like the magnetic compass and commercial practices, fostering the growth of states like the Swahili city-states.

Trans-Saharan Trade Network

A trade network in Africa that expanded with the development of the camel saddle, leading to the wealth and power of states like Mali under leaders such as Mansa Musa.

Cultural Consequences

Effects of connectivity including the transfer of religion, literary and artistic works, and scientific innovations across trade networks.

Spread of Buddhism

Buddhism originating in South Asia and entering China via the Silk Roads through merchants and missionaries.

Transfer of Gunpowder

Invention in China, spreading to Muslim empires and Eastern European States, altering the balance of power globally.

Rise and Fall of Cities

Impact of connectivity on urban centers like Hangzhou in China and the destruction of Baghdad by Mongol armies.

Travelers' Accounts

Increased interconnectivity enabling travelers like Ibn Battuta to document their experiences, providing insights into different cultures.

Transfer of Crops

Example of Champa rice introduced to China, leading to increased food production and population growth.

Spread of Bubonic Plague

Disease originating in China, carried along trade routes by rats and fleas, causing devastating impacts in the Middle East and Europe.

Mongol Empire

Facilitated connections through trade networks, establishing the largest land-based empire, promoting international trade, and cultural exchanges.