Tropomyosin

Tropomyosin

Prevents depolymerization and modulating interactions with other actin binding proteins, stabilizing

keratin

Reinforces epithelial cells

Gelsolin

Severs filaments and caps barbed ends

Cofilin

Severs actin but leaves ends uncapped, allowing depolymerization or elongation

Formin

Promotes elongation of actin filaments

Arp2/3 complex

Promotes elongation and growth of branched filaments

Lamins

IF proteins specific to the nucleus, support nuclear shape and organize chromatin

Vimentin

Forms a network extending out from the nucleus to the cell’s periphery

Desmosomes

Junctions between adjacent cells which facilitate cell-cell interactions

Microvilli

Projections of the plasma membrane supported by bundles actin filaments

Lamellipodia

Broad sheetlike extensions at the leading edge of fibroblasts, contain a network of actin filaments

Filopodia

Thin projections of plasma membrane supported by actin bundles that extend from the lamellipodia

cortical actin cytoskeleton

Supports the cell membrane, enabling shape maintenance and local deformation

Glycolipids

Found on the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane, play role in recognition and signaling

Outer leaflet

Enriched with phosphatidycholine and sphingomyelim

Inner leaflet

Enriched with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine

Endocytosis

A form of active transport where substances are enclosed in a vesticle

Passive transport

moves molecules from high to low concentration without requiring energy

Active transport

Consumes energy, moves molecules against their concentration gradient