English 10 Term 1 (Elements of Poetry, Anaphora, Symbolism, Imagery, Adverbial & Adjectival Clauses,)

Stanza

is the collective of lines in a poem

Paragraph

is the collective of lines in a prose

Couplet

2 Line Stanza

Tercet

3 Line Stanza

Quatrain

4 Line Stanza

Quintet/Quintain

5 Line Stanza

Sestet

6 Line Stanza

Septet

7 Line Stanza

Octave

8 Line Stanza

Spenserian Stanza

9 Line Staza

Ballade

10 Line Stanza

Sonnet

a poem of 14 lines

Ode

a poem that is meant to be sung or chanted

Elegy

a funeral song

Visual Imagery

description that simulates the eyes (ex. A field of cotton, I begin tilting all the paperclips in the other direction)

Auditory Imagery

description that simulates the ears (ex. both of us quiet as roses waiting for the bees to arrive, stoppered in the bee-hum)

Tactile Imagery

description that simulates your sense of touch (ex. prickling stillness, the wetness of a finished lollipop)

Olfactory Imagery

description that stimulates the nose (ex. drowsy scent of velvet-petaled roses, the damp-earth spring fragrance)

Gustatory

description that stimulates your sense of taste (ex. that tastes good)

Tone

writer's attitude towards his writing that the readers can interpret; how does the author think?

Mood

the feeling the reader gets after reading the text; how did you feel after reading the poem

Full Rhyme

terminal sounds are exactly the same (ex. pains & drains, drunk & sunk)

Slant Rhyme

matching stressed *consonant* (ex. bridge & grudge)

Identical Rhyme

the same word

Rhyme Scheme

poet's deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in a poem or stanza (ex. ABAB)

Meter

the way poets measure the groups (feet/unit) stressed and unstressed syllables

Stressed Syllable (/)

usually monosyllabic verbs, adjective, nouns are ___ (ex. go, red, tree, dove, walk)

Unstressed Syllable (U)

helping verbs, be-verbs, suffixes, and possessive pronouns are ___ (ex. his car, can go)

Falling Rhythm

starts with stressed and ends with unstressed

Rising Rhythm

starts with unstressed and ends with stressed

Trochee

/ U

Iambic

U /

Dactyl

/ U U

Anapest

U U /

Spondee

/ /

Pyrrhus

U U

Unit/Feet

groups of stressed and unstressed syllables (iambic, trochee, anapest, etc.) (ex. 1. / U 2. / U)

Monometer

1 foot (unit) in a line

Dimeter

2 feet (unit) in a line

Trimeter

3 feet (unit) in a line

Tetrameter

4 feet (unit) in a line

Pentameter

5 feet (unit) in a line

Hexameter

6 feet (unit) in a line

Theme

is the universal lesson, message, or idea explored through in a poem, human experience that readers can apple to their own lives, *more specific* like the thematic statement

Thematic Subject/Concept

the broader topic it touches upon (ex. judgement, love, revenge, forgiveness)

Thematic Statements

the particular argument the writer makes about that topic (ex. Human judgment is imperfect, Love cannot be bought)

Symbol

is a setting, object, character, or even in a story that carries more than the literal meaning and therefore represents something significant to understanding the meaning of a work of literature; used to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense

Conventional Symbol

the traditional, something that is generally recognized to represent a certain idea (ex. night *__* symbolizes darkness, death, or grief.)

Contextual Symbol

goes beyond traditional something that goes beyond a traditional, public meaning (ex. *__*, night, it symbolizes other possibilities such loneliness, isolation, fear, or emptiness)

Red

(color) blood, passion, emotion, danger, or daring

Black

(color) positivity, death, evil

White

(color) innocence, purity, light

Green

(color) new life, fertility, hope

Yellow

(color) caution, decay, decrepitude

Blue

(color) peace, serenity, eternity

Pink

(color) innocence, femininity

Purple

(color) royalty

Brown

(color) earth, soil, humility, and poverty

Orange

(color) heat, sun

Gold

(color/thing) riches, sacredness

Spring

(season) birth, new beginning

Summer

(season) maturity, knowledge

Autumn

(season) decline, nearing death, growing old

Winter

(season) death, sleep, hibernation, stagnation

Christmas season

(season/holiday/date) birth, change for the better

Easter season

(season/holiday/date) rebirth, enlightenment

Dawn

(nature) illumination, hope

Fog/Mist

(weather) isolation, confusion, obscrurity

Wind and storms

(weather) violent human emotions

Lightning

(weather) power and strength

Morning

(weather) purity and promise

Rainbows

(weather) heralds of good fortune, heaven

Thunder

(weather) God's wrath, punishment

Anaphora

in writing or speech the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect

Clause

a group of sentences that has a subject and verb combination (ex. He had to give up his work / because he injured his back, independent + dependent)

Adverbial Clauses

are dependent clauses that act as adverbs and tell us something about the information that is in the independent clause, tell us about condition, time, reason, purpose, location, degree/comparison, manner, (ex. I will go *if you go as well*)

Adjective Clauses

a clause that modifies a noun or pronoun, usually comes directly after the noun its modifying

Archetype

A recurrent narrative design, pattern of action, character type, themes, or image which is identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature.

Universal symbols that recur to have a common meaning or more accurately, tend to elicit comparable psychological responses and to serve similar cultural functions

The Good Mother

Characters: earth; life principle; birth; warmth; nourishment; protection; fertility; growth; abundance.

The Terrible Mother

Characters: witch; sorceress; siren; lamia; femme fatale-sensuality; fear; danger; darkness; dismemberment; emasculation; death

Fairy Godmother

Characters: comforts and directs child, especially when they are confused and need guidance; represents powers that can be called on for help when it is needed; helps young person to solve own problems

The Stepmother

Characters: sometimes depicted to be evil and wicked; sometimes depicted to be caring and loving

Evil Figure

Characters: devil, satan, dracula; the male counterpart of the Terrible Mother

The Great Teacher

Characters: represents knowledge, reflection, insight, wisdom, cleverness, and intuition; posses qualities such as goodwill and readiness to help

The Trickster

Characters: is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or animal who plays tricks other disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior; joker, jester, clown, fool, fraud, prankster, shape-shifter

Positive: may serve a healing function through his transformative influence

The Hero

Characters: courageous figure, the one who's always running and saving the day

"The main character leaves their community to go on an adventure, performing deeds that bring honor to the community"

Garden

Settings: paradise; innocence; unspoiled beauty (especially feminine); fertility

The Tree

Settings: the embodiment of life; the point of unions between the three realms (heaven, earth, water); ancient people believed tree = abundant creative energy; divinity; creativity

"In its most general sense, the symbolism of the tree denotes life of the cosmos; its consistency, growth, proliferation, generative and regenerative processes, It stands for inexhaustible life, and is therefore equivalent to a symbol of immortality"

Desert

Settings: spiritual aridity; death; nihilism; hopelessness, absence of development

Caves and Tunnels

Settings; deep down where character delves into self; place that characters foes when 'invisible' or inactive; at the extreme may signify death

Death and Rebirth

Events/Patterns: "Through pain and suffering the character overcomes feelings of despair, and through a process of self-realization is reborn"

The Test or Trail

Events/Patterns: 'In the transition from one stage of life to another, the main character experiences a rite of passage through growth and change; they experience a transformation'

Coming of Age

Events/Patterns: usually involves a journey of some sort ; must confront fears; Conflict with a parent/guardian; Learning something important; involving a test or challenges; the ending maybe bittersweet; Scarification (scars left - physical and/or emotional

Parental Conflict or Relationsihps

Events/Patterns: "The protagonist deals with parental conflict by rejecting or bonding with parents"

Rites of Initiation

Events/Patterns: this is the process by which a characters is brought into another sphere of influence, usually into adulthood

Argumentative essay

Balance of evidence and opinion, It presents two sides of a single issue and covers the most important arguments for and against, makes counter claims, makes claims on factual evidence or research, is logic based (convinced audience through the merit and rationality of the claim and evidence found

Argument/Claim

makes a claim and supports it with reasons and evidence from sources

Counterclaim / Counter Argument

An argument that stand in opposition to your claim. Your opponents argument that tries to explain why you are wrong